生态补偿实践中的人文向度与生态文明——以甘肃省甘南州MQ县为例

Ecological Civilization and Humanistic Dimension in Ecological Compensation Practice——A Case Study in MQ County,kun-lho Prefecture,Gansu Province

甘肃省甘南州MQ县尼玛镇构成了田野工作所在点。根据MQ地区金矿开发与生态补偿中所发生的社会事件——包括金矿的进驻、牧民的抗争、几次生态补偿落实、退牧还草等MQ本地发生的生态补偿实践活动和MQ藏民生活现状,预判了藏民居住生活区社会和传统文化的发展趋势及应对措施,蕴含着解决藏民居住生活区矿产资源开采带来的生态破坏问题,以及经济发展和藏民居住生活区社会发展矛盾的解决思路。藏民居住生活区生态补偿中应有内在的人文向度,生态补偿须汲取传统藏族生态文明的精髓与文化内涵,藏民居住生活区的生态补偿实践应当在恢复环境与改善民生的同时,帮助当地社会走上绿色生态发展之路,倡导在地方权力和基层社会的互动中,进一步完善藏民居住生活区生态补偿实践,促进藏民居住生活区社会的发展。

With the resource exploitation and development in Tibetan area,its ecological environment has been badly destroyed. Although the local government and development enterprises have been taking according ecological compensations,the result is still unsatisfactory,and the current problems of ecological restoration and cultural heritage are still waiting for efficient solutions. This dissertation predicts Tibetan social development, the development trend of Tibetan traditional culture and countermeasures,through analysis of M Q ecological compensation practice and Tibetan people’s living situation. In the end,this paper tends to explore the solution to ecological destruction of Tibetan mineral resources mining,as well as the contradiction between Tibetan social development and economic development.This dissertation studies the ecological system security and humanity system security in Tibetan area. On the basis of the features of Tibetan area’s resource exploitation and ecological compensation,this dissertation redefines the concept of the ecological compensation in Tibetan area. This dissertation describes the important role of grassland nomadic life and traditional ecological culture in current Tibetan society. It records the social events during the process of gold mining and ecological compensation in M Q area,which include the entry of gold mining,herdsmen ’ s resistance,several ecological compensation implementations and M Q ’s local ecological compensation practices such as pastureland rehabilitation. It further analyzes the difficulties and related causes for local government. This dissertation also describes the barely noticeable improvement of grassland ecology after ecological compensation,distressed life of local herdsmen who lost their pasture,and people’s choices of establishing companies by the limited compensation funds from abandoning nomads,all of which fully demonstrate people’s helplessness and obstacles in self-reliance.According to the research results,this dissertation analyzes the basic contradiction causes during the process of Tibetan area resource exploitation and ecological compensation practices,and points out the correct humanity orientation in Tibetan area ecological compensation and necessity of learning traditional Tibetan eco-civilization essence and cultural implication during the process of ecological compensation. This dissertation emphasizes that we should fully utilize laws in Tibetan ecological compensation and continuously improve legislation at all levels in order to guarantee the smooth implementations of ecological compensation. The Tibetan area ’s ecological compensation practices should effectively protect the ecological benefits of the local people and build up the basic-level ecological democracy. This dissertation conducts a reflection for the administration and marketing of current ecological compensation and put forwards the correct situations of Tibetan ecological compensation. This dissertation points out that in addition to the environmental restoration and people ’s livelihood improvement,the Tibetan area ’s ecological compensation practices should also help the local society step onto the road to green ecological development. This dissertation suggests further improving Tibetan area’s ecological compensation practices and promoting the Tibetan area ’s sustainable development through the interactions between national power and civil society.The author chose Gansu Province kun-lho Prefecture M Q County nyi-ma Town as the field research area. Through nearly one year’s data analysis,field interviewand living with local herdsmen,the author summarizes the natural structure generation and humanity structure generation of the nomadic culture,and analyzes the positive effects to the local ecological environment brought by grassland nomadic culture and the bad effects to the local ecology and people’s life brought by gold mining. After studying plenty of relevant domestic and overseas theories and experience summaries,this dissertation puts forward its own views and problem-solving thoughts.The main content of this paper is to analyze the features which must be considered in Tibetan area’s ecological compensation from a newperspective,solve the local practical difficulties from the viewpoints of the characteristic ecology,society and culture in Tibetan area,and make the ecological compensation practices play an important part in the ecological protection and social development in Tibetan area.