主动选择性依赖下的基层党组织创新权力来源——以上海市L社区为例

The Source of Innovative Power of the Grass-roots Party Organization under Active Selective Dependence——A Case Study of L Street in Shanghai

回顾改革开放三十多年中国社会的变迁,国家主导的市场社会的形成,既对中国共产党提出历史性的挑战,也创造了党进行自我改造、重新聚合社会利益、重构自身权威的机遇。L街道创建阳光驿站、党群中心,前者通过"中介性组织"定位下组织机制的创新获得更多行动空间,通过象征符号和仪式的有效运行实现文化认同和行为动员,通过对政党的协调和服务、表达与沟通功能的深入发掘和拓展应对现代大型政党的共同发展境遇;后者则通过建立楼宇综合服务站增加自身优势,成立社区党建联席会构建了于己有利的行动框架和议定环境,创建"红船"构建和管理自身合法性。不论是前者通过开发自身内部资源适应环境,还是后者通过有效动员和整合外部资源改变环境,无不与L街道党工委的有效管理和控制依赖、实现自身权力再生产的行动策略有关,不断凸显主动选择性依赖下的基层党组织权力再生产的深层逻辑和机制。

In the 21 century it has been the Academia’s focus and research background to review the past thirty years of social transformations since the reform and opening-up. So it is with the CPC in her research on the party building. Generally speaking,the formation of government-led social market has posed both challenges and opportunities for the Party to reform,reorganize social interests and reconstruct her power. It is against the very background that the Party’s power reproduction has received much attention.Given the nature of power and the special position of the CPC both as the leading party and the ruling party,the research herein focuses more on the issues concerning legitimacy and enhancement of the Party’s ruling ability.The Communist Party of China has been in existence for more than 90 years since its establishment. During this period,the environment in China and abroad has undergone tremendous changes. The strategic choices of the Party in different periods are closely related to the environment and goals of a particular period. This is the party’s historical challenge. As a result,it is also an attempt by the party to seize the opportunity to self-reform and re-aggregate the interests of society. It is also an effort by the party to rebuild its authority and achieve power reproduction. Recalling the changes of Chinese society in the past 30 years of reform and opening up has become the focus of academic circles and the background of various studies. As a ruling party,the study of the construction of the Communist Party of China is even more unlikely to evade the social changes of these 30 years. The research of reproduction is linked to the development of social subjectivity in the transition,and the latter becomes an environmental factor,and the former must be considered more.The formation of a government-led market society not only poses a historic challenge to the Communist Party of China, but also creates opportunities for the party to self-reform,re-aggregate social interests,and to reconstruct its own authority. It is in this context that the issue of the reproduction of the Communist Party of China as the ruling party has received increasing attention. And its ruling style,ruling ethics,organizational form,and ruling ability have faced unprecedented challenges in this transition. The essence of the power is how to obtain or retain legal power. Since the birth of power,there has been a question of legitimacy being discussed today. As well as the special status of the Communist Party of China,which is the ruling party and the leading party,has decided that the discussion of this issue is also manifested such as legitimacy and governance capacity building.The existing research is generally conducted from the following three perspectives: analysis of the state and the society,resource analysis and social ecological analysis. Despite their respective focuses,all the three perspectives tend to explore from an abstract macro-level but fail to take account of issues at the micro-level yet close to the field of practice. The research herein,reflecting on those unexplored issues concerning the above-mentioned perspectives,follows it up with its own focus and logic: feasibility taken into the Party’s power reproduction strategy, this paper adopts the resource dependence theory and,from the actor’s perspective,intends to explore the questions as follows: how does the grass-roots party organization think of and respond to the rapid social transformation? What logic does the grass-roots party organization employ in its effective cognition and response? How does the grass-roots party organization reconstruct its power for power reproduction in relation to the changed environment? The very questions lead to the research on the logic and the institution of power reproduction in the grass-roots party organization.The resource dependence theory concerned in the research contributes most to the idea of how to transform the environment’s restraining effect into the facilitating one. Through in-depth analysis of the dependent relationship,the organization gets to know its environment better and adopts the corresponding operation strategy to adapt to or transform the environment for its power construction. Besides,the resource dependence theory takes the organization as an actor and emphasizes the power of the organization whose strategy relates closely to the power of acquiring the resource and controlling others. As power derives from mutual dependence,power is the object of production and power reproduction hinges on its effective control and management of the dependence concerned. The field study therein lasts for half a year in which data collection is based on literature review,direct observation,the small forum and the individual interview for the case study. It is worthy of note that the interview of the core people concerned helps shed light on the system of interaction between the L neighborhood grass-roots party organization and others.L Street,which is the opening window and business card of Pudong,has been exploring how to effectively "infiltrate"and how to manage and guide it. In view of the new social form that gradually emerged in the region before its reform and opening up. The pattern develops in a positive direction,exerting the positive energy of the party organization,thereby better building its own power and influence,and realizing its own power reproduction. In this regard,in actively promoting the innovation of social governance mechanisms and social management methods, improving and strengthening the party’s leadership and management of new social forms,L Street starts from the characteristics of new social forms,constantly exploring and innovating,from Sunshine Station to the party. The continuous evolution of the group center fully reflects the innovation process of L Street. As a new thing,the sunshine party service post show ed its strong influence and appeal from the day of its birth. How ever,the road to innovation of the L Street Party Committee did not stop because of the concept of the regional party building. The upgraded version of the Party Group Center was formally established in March 2011. As one of the seven centers of the street,the Party Group Center has further expanded on the basis of the original five functions of the Sunshine Station. It has three departments and one room, namely the Party Construction Department,the Regional Construction Department,the Party Group and the Department. The office also includes four building integrated service stations.L Street Party Working Committee hopes that through the establishment of the party group center,the concept of regional party building will be put into practical operation,and the party building of the street and the labor unions,w omen’s federations,and old cadres will be integrated into the party building,and the party building will be built and built.L Street is located in the CBD financial business circle of Pudong District,which is at the forefront of reform and opening up. It is the most prosperous street in Pudong District. The loud name and w ide influence make it the focus of attention at home and abroad,and become the business card of Pudong and even in Shanghai. It is against this background that L Street actively promotes community party building, community building and community management to go hand in hand,constantly explore and innovate.And many jobs until the end of 2011,L Street has w on a national civilized unit,a national cultural advanced community,and a national nation. There are 81 municipal-level honorary titles such as 14 national and Shanghai civilized communities, Shanghai Advanced Street Office, and Shanghai Community Construction Demonstration Street, including the Unity and Progress Model Group and the National Harmonious Community Construction Demonstration Street.( In 2003,it also became the first street in the country to pass the environmental management system certification.) It has always maintained a dominant position in the streets of the whole district,city,and even the whole country. And it strives to match the reputation of L Street.Honors and pressures often coexist.The research herein finds that the innovation of L working committee of neighborhood party as a grass-roots party organization is more due to its responsiveness to the environmental challenge than its completion of the work assigned by the superior party organization. It is through the in-depth analysis of mutual dependence that the L neighborhood grass-roots party organization has acquired a better knowledge of its environment that during these three decades since the reform and opening up transformation has been under way from the passive compulsory dependence stage to the active optional dependence stage so that there is a great necessity for the Party organization to readjust its traditional power for the sustained development and innovation.From the perspective of contemporary Chinese governance transformation, in terms of the practice process of social management innovation in recent years, and the development speed, people often mistakenly believe that Chinese social organizations have gradually entered the fast lane of rapid development. But in reality on the basis of the rapid development of social organizations at the community level,most of them stay at the level of "self-entertainment"or provide only "club products". As a community organization with a red background,the establishment of "Red Ship" and the party organizations promote public production and lead the construction of public spaces. Therefore,an in-depth understanding of this realistic path will certainly help deepen the understanding of the future development direction,and practice path of the "red ship ". Thus it will eventually shape the future direction of party organization capacity building.The case in point is the sunshine Party service post and the service center for the Party and the Masses: The former is innovative in reforming its organizational institution as an "intermediary organization "to acquire more room for maneuver,as well as in exploiting the symbolic rituals to establish its cultural identity and mobilize the public. Besides,in response to the current situation,as the big modern Party confronts in its development,the Sunshine Party service post is devoted to coordinating with the Party,strengthening and expanding its functions in service,expression and communications;The latter is innovative in establishing the integrated service station within the office building to enhance its strengths,in initiating the community Party committee to build the environment beneficial for its operation and negotiation as well as establishing the "red boat ",the non-profit community service station,to construct and manage its legitimacy. Whether it is the former that taps its interior resources to adapt to the environment or whether it is the latter that mobilizes and reallocates its exterior resources to transform the environment,further research on the above-mentioned case reveals its relation to the organization’s effective management and control of dependence as well as the operation strategy for its power reproduction and therein lies the main focus on the institution and the logic of power and dependence in the Party organization’s power reproduction and the future direction of the Party organization’s ability enhancement.