临床常见祛痰药对慢性呼吸系统疾病患者体外痰液的化痰效果

Effects of Common Clinical Expectorants on in Vitro Phlegm in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases

目的探讨临床常见祛痰药对慢性呼吸系统疾病患者的体外痰液的溶解速度、效果以及痰液黏滞度的改善效果。方法一次性收集于8例非传染性呼吸道疾病患者晨起新鲜黏稠痰液样本24份并均匀混合,分为乙酰半胱氨酸溶液组(0.5 ml、1.0 ml、1.5 ml与2.0 ml),盐酸氨溴索溶液组(0.5 ml与1.0 ml),0.9%氯化钠注射液组(1.0 ml),以及不做任何处理的空白对照组,室温下不同时间观察痰液的外观溶解情况,并于30 min后检测各试验组痰液的黏度。结果用粘度仪检测加入药物30 min后各组痰液的黏度,测定结果显示与空白痰液组比较,加入0.9%氯化钠注射液、氨溴索和乙酰半胱氨酸组痰液的黏度均有不同程度下降(P<0.05)。与加入不同剂量氨溴索的痰液组比较,痰液与不同剂量的乙酰半胱氨酸混合后,痰液的黏度显著降低(P<0.05),空白痰液+乙酰半胱氨酸组0.5ml组的黏度显著低于空白痰液+氨溴索1.0ml组(P<0.05)。随着乙酰半胱氨酸剂量的增加(0.5~1.5 ml),痰液黏度呈线性降低。结论盐酸氨溴索比较,乙酰半胱氨酸的痰液溶解作用明显更强效、快速。

Objective To evaluate the effects of common expectorants on the speed,effects and sputum viscosity of externally dissolved sputum in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.Methods A total of 24 crisp viscous sputum samples from 8 patients with non-infectious respiratory diseases were collected and uniformly mixed.The patients was divided into 4 groups:the acetylcysteine Solution group(0.5 ml,1.0 ml,1.5 ml and 2.0 ml),the ambrosial hydrochloride solution group(0.5 ml and 1.0 ml),the 0.9%saline group(1.0 ml),and the blank control group without any treatment.The appearance of sputum was dissolved at different times at room temperature,and the viscosity of sputum in each experimental group was measured after 30 minutes.Results The viscosity of the sputum of each group was measured by a viscometer 30 minutes after adding the drug,and the measurement results showed that compared with the blank sputum group,the viscosity of the sputum of the 0.9%sodium chloride injection,ambroxol and acetylcysteine were all decreased to varying degrees(P<0.05).Compared with the sputum group with different doses of ambroxol,the viscosity of sputum was significantly reduced after mixing sputum with different doses of acetylcysteine(P<0.05).The viscosity of the blank sputum+the 0.5 ml acetylcysteine group was significantly lower than the blank sputum+ambroxol 1.0 ml group(P<0.05).As the dose of acetylcysteine increased(0.5 to 1.5 ml),the viscosity of sputum decreased linearly.Conclusion Compared with ambroxol,the sputum dissolution of acetylcysteine is significantly more powerful and rapid.