益母草和茺蔚子的药性鉴别与临床应用进展

A review on the medicinal property identification and clinical application of Leonurus Japonicus and Leonuri Fructus

益母草和茺蔚子来源于同一种植物的不同部位,是临床常用的药对。因两药功能相似,均可活血调经,临床用于女性月经病的治疗,比较容易混淆。一般来讲,两药均可归肝经,对月经有重要的调节作用;且都味辛苦能开能泄,具有活血化瘀之功效。但益母草为地上的全草,作用偏于活血化瘀,而茺蔚子为地下的果实,作用偏于清肝明目。在临床应用方面两者也有差异,益母草多用于妇科病,包括月经不调、流产早产、产后出血及因气滞血瘀导致的心肾疾病,重在行气活血;而茺蔚子多用于头面部疾病和眼疾,以及脑部疾病,取其清肝明目、行中有补的特殊功效。现代药理研究还发现益母草具有对子宫平滑肌兴奋和抑制的双向调节作用,以及促阴道上皮增生作用和抗炎镇痛作用;而茺蔚子则具有活血润燥、降压降脂作用及一定的神经营养活性,故可以有效改善疲劳,提高运动能力。总之,文章通过对益母草与茺蔚子的植物来源、外观性状、炮制方法、现代药理研究、药性药效及临床应用等多方面进行了分析比较,为两药的综合鉴别与临床应用提供了文献参考与理论依据,有利于指导益母草和茺蔚子在临床中的合理应用,同时也为进一步挖掘两药的现代药用价值与研究方向提供思路。

LYimucao(eonurus Japonicus)and Chongweizi(Leonuri Fructus)originate from different parts of the same plant and are commonly used in clinical medicine.Because the two drugs have similar functions and they can both promote blood circulation and regulate menstruation,it is easy to confuse them when they are used clinically for the treatment of female menstrual diseases.Generally speaking,both drugs return to the liver meridian,which plays an important role in regulating menstruation.Moreover,they can relieve depression and purge turbidity,and have the effects of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis.However,Leonurus Japonicus is the whole herb on the ground,and its role focuses on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,while Leonuri Fructus is the underground fruit,and its main role is to clear the liver and brighten the eyes.There are also differences in clinical application.Leonurus Japonicus is mainly used for gynecological diseases,including irregular menstruation,miscarriage and premature delivery,postpartum hemorrhage,and heart or kidney diseases caused by Qi(气)-stagnation and blood stasis;while Leonuri Fructus is mostly used for head or face diseases,eye diseases,and brain diseases.It can clear the liver and brighten the eyes,and it still has a special effect of tonifying the blood.Modern pharmacological studies also find that Leonurus Japonicus has a two-way regulating effect on the excitation and inhibition of uterine smooth muscle,promoting vaginal epithelial hyperplasia,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects;while Leonuri Fructus has the functions of activating blood circulation,moistening dryness,lowering blood pressure and blood lipid,and certain neurotrophic activity,so it can effectively relieve fatigue and improve athletic ability.In a word,through the analysis and comparison of clinical applications of Leonurus Japonicus and Leonuri Fructus from their plant origin,appearance,processing methods,modern pharmacological research,drug properties and efficacy,this paper provides a medical reference and theoretical basis for the comprehensive identification and clinical application of the two drugs,which is conducive to guiding the rational application of Leonurus Japonicus and Leonuri Fructus in clinical practice.At the same time,it also provides ideas for further exploring the modern medicinal value and research direction of these two drugs.