迈进“4.0时代”:菲律宾技术和职业教育政策调整与价值意蕴

Entering the“4.0 Era”:Policy Adjustment and Value Implications of Technical and Vocational Education in the Philippines

菲律宾技术和职业教育的重大政策改革对其经济社会发展产生了深远影响,不同时期的政策改革反衬出特殊的发展取向和时代特征。《全国技术教育和技能发展计划(2018-2022)》的发布标志着菲律宾技术和职业教育4.0时代的到来。分析系列报告发现,其政策调整体现出四点新变化:决策主体从统一部署到多方协同治理、目标策略从训练基本技能到提升质量效益、惠及对象从单一就业人员到多元社会群体、实施路径从整体布局到点面铺展,并体现出三个层面的政策价值取向:理念层面上追求公平与人文关怀的价值理性,方法层面上统一经济和社会效益的工具理性,运行层面上平衡短期和可持续发展的过程理性,由此构建出“TVET4.0”政策的话语框架。

The major policy reforms of technical and vocational education in the Philippines have had a profound impact on the Philippine society and economy. Reform policies in different periods reflect different development orientations and characteristics of the times. The National Technical Education and Skills Development Plan(2018-2022) marks the arrival of Technical and Vocational Education 4.0 in the Philippines. Through analysis of the series of reports, it can be found that four new changes are reflected in the adjustment of its policies:decision-making subjects from unified deployment to multi-party collaborative governance, target strategies from training basic skills to improving intrinsic quality, benefiting objects from a single employed person to multiple social groups, and implementation paths from the overall layout to the point-to-point spread. It also reflects the policy value orientation at three levels: the value rationality of pursuing fairness and humanistic care at the conceptual level, the instrumental rationality of unifying economic and social benefits at the method level, and the process rationality of balancing between short-term and sustainable development at the operational level, thus construct the discourse framework of “TVET4.0” policy.