场域与惯习:新时代工匠精神培育的路径审思

Fields and Habits: Reflections on the Paths of Cultivating the Craftsman’s Spirits in the New Era

弘扬和培育“工匠精神”是新时代党和国家的重大战略部署,学术界现有研究更多是基于教育学的视角,突出了政府和职业院校在工匠精神培育中的关键性作用。从布迪厄的“场域—惯习”理论出发,工匠精神培育是一项系统性工程,当前我国工匠精神培育存在“多重场域”,且在培育场域与惯习涵养间存在“互动困境”。应通过积极建构现代工匠的文化认同、有效促进学习场域的融合衔接、切实涵养行动主体的工匠惯习、大力增强工匠实践的资本转化等方式,不断契合工匠精神培育的主客观结构,将现代工匠由被社会生产异化的“工具人”还原为学会自我反思的“实践人”,以促进社会主体工匠惯习的养成。

Promoting and cultivating the“craftsman’s spirit”has become a major strategic deployment for the party and government in the new era,but the existing research in the academic community is based on the perspective of pedagogy from the macro and micro levels,highlighting the key role of the government and vocational schools in the cultivation of craftsmanship spirits.Based on the sociological perspective,in the view of Bourdieu’s“field-habit”theory,there exist“multiple fields”and“interactive dilemma”in the cultivation of craftsman spirit in China.In order to effectively promote the formation of the main body’s craftsman habits,it should actively construct the cultural identity of modern craftsmen,effectively promote the integration of the learning field,effectively build the craftsmanship habits of the main body of action,significantly enhance the capital transformation of craftsmanship practice,etc.,so as to transform the“tool man”alienated by social production to the“practice man”who learns to self-reflect.