苏格兰“学徒制家族”改革探析

Analysis on the Reform of the “Apprenticeship Family” in Scotland

苏格兰形成了包括基础、现代和学位学徒制等在内的"学徒制家族"。但新时期劳动力市场突变,再加上学徒制本身固有的问题,这两个内外因素使得苏格兰不得不采取行动改革不合时宜的学徒制。改革内容主要包括;明晰学徒制内涵,维护学徒制基础;构建成人友好环境,应对适龄劳动力减少和技能需求变化;提高学徒制适应能力,减少培训惯性并迎合时代发展;稳步推进"迈斯特"资格证书,实现职业生涯可持续发展。改革显示出前瞻性、全面性、包容性和通用性的特点。苏格兰学徒制的改革对我国现代学徒制品牌内涵塑造、资助方式选择和资格框架构建等有所启示。

Scotland has formed an“apprenticeship family”including basic,modern and degree apprenticeships.However,the sudden change in the labor market in the new era,coupled with the inherent problems of the apprenticeship itself,these internal and external factors have forced Scotland to take action to reform the outdated apprenticeship.The reform contents mainly include clarifying the connotation of the apprenticeship system and maintaining the foundation of the apprenticeship system;building an adult-friendly environment to cope with the reduction in the workforce of the right age and changing skill requirements;improving the adaptability of the apprenticeship system,reducing training inertia and catering to the development of the times;steadily advancing the“Meister”qualification certificates to achieve career sustainable development.The reform shows the characteristics of foresight,comprehensiveness,inclusiveness and versatility.The reform of the Scottish apprenticeship system has enlightenment on the brand connotation shaping,funding method selection and qualification framework construction of modern apprenticeship in China.