2017—2018年北京市丰台区流感聚集性疫情特征

Characteristics of influenza clustering epidemic in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2017-2018

目的了解2017—2018年北京市丰台区流感流行季节流感聚集性疫情特征,探讨流感疫苗在集体单位人群中的保护效果,为完善本地区流感聚集性疫情防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集北京市丰台区2017年9月1日—2018年4月30日报告的流感聚集性疫情资料,了解流感聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,采用χ2检验比较不同报告时间流感聚集性疫情持续时间的差异,并计算疫苗保护率。结果2017—2018年流感流行季节北京市丰台区共报告59起流感聚集性疫情。时间分布以2017年12月和2018年1月为主。幼儿园及小学是疫情高发场所,共报告58起(98.31%)。报告时间>3天的且疫情持续时间>4天的疫情数(78.26%)高于报告时间≤3天的疫情数(27.78%)(P<0.01)。2017—2018流感流行季节流感聚集性疫情以B(Yamagata)系流感病毒为主,占50.65%。中小学生群体发病班级接种流感疫苗者发病率低于未接种者的发病率(P<0.05),疫苗保护率为27.57%。结论流感聚集性疫情有明显的季节性,幼儿园和小学是高发场所。流感监测工作不能放松,加强学校等聚集性场所流感疫情监测,并广泛开展接种流感疫苗宣传工作,提高疫苗接种率。

Objective To understand the characteristics of influenza clustering epidemic during influenza season in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2017-2018,explore the protective effect of influenza vaccine among population in collective unit,and provide a scientific reference for the prevention and control of influenza clustering epidemic in this area.Methods Data of influenza clustering epidemic reported in Fengtai District of Beijing from September 1,2017 to April 30,2018 were collected,to comprehend the epidemiological characteristics of influenza clustering epidemic.χ2 test was used to analyze the epidemic duration among different reporting time,and the vaccine protection rate was calculated.Results A total of 59 cases of influenza clustering epidemic were reported in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2017-2018,and the spatial distribution was mainly in December 2017 and January 2018.Kindergartens and primary schools were the places with high incidence of clustering epidemic,totally 58(98.31%)events were reported.The percentage of epidemic duration>4 days in events with reporting time>3 days(78.26%)was higher than that in events with reporting time≤3 days(27.78%)(P<0.01).B(Yamagata)lineage virus was the main virus type of the influenza clustering epidemic from 2017-2018,accounting for 50.65%.In the attack class of primary school,the incidence of influenza in vaccination group was lower than that in unvaccinated group(P<0.05),and the protection rate of influenza vaccine was27.57%.Conclusion The influenza clustering epidemic has obvious seasonality.Kindergartens and primary schools are high risk places.It is necessary to focus on the influenza surveillance,strengthen surveillance of influenza epidemic in schools and other crowded places,and widely carry out the publicity on influenza vaccination to improve vaccination rate.