中华民族“凝聚力”考古学研究

Archaeology of the“Cohesion”of the Chinese Nation

习近平总书记指出:“中华文明是世界上唯一自古延续至今、从未中断的文明。”其不断裂的表现,是这一文明的祖先还是中华大地上“百万年人类史”与“一万年文化史”的缔造者。“中华文明史”的实质是中国的国家历史。以考古学、历史学、分子生物学研究中华大地上的各个族群,得出几乎一致的科学结论,它们有着基本共同或相近的“遗传基因”、共同的“祖源”。在中华五千多年不断裂文明史中,不论是什么时代(王朝),也不论是中华大地什么地方的族群或人群管理中华国家,都坚持“中”与“中和”的国家“大一统”理念,从“三皇五帝”到历代中华不同族群建立的不同王朝,都维系着“中华统绪”,这是几千年来形成的中华大地的多民族共同体对中华优秀历史文化传统的认同、对中华民族及其大一统国家的认同。回顾古代世界的两河流域文明、埃及古文明、印度古文明与中华文明“四大文明”,加之美洲的玛雅文明与印加文明,除中华文明之外,至迟在公元6世纪或“大航海时代”之后,其他文明均已“断裂”,而只有中华文明延续至今。之所以这样,乃是源于中华文明一代又一代传承着从“家国一体”到“家国同构”至“国家认同”的“中”与“中和”这一“日用而不觉的文化基因”。

General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that“Chinese civilization is the only civilization in the world that has continued from ancient times and has never been interrupted.”The uninterrupted civilization has been manifested by the fact that the ancestors of this civilization are also the creators of the“millions of years of human history”and“10,000 years of cultural history”over the land of China.The essence of the“history of Chinese civilization”is the national history of China.Study of ethnic groups in China from the perspectives of archaeology,history and molecular biology can make almost identical scientific conclusion,i.e.they have basically common or similar“genetic genes”and common“ancestral origin”.In the history of Chinese civilization for over 5,000 years,no matter what era(dynasty),no matter what ethnic groups or people managing the Chinese country,they adhere to the national“overall unity”concept of“Zhong”(Central)and“Zhonghe”(Central Harmony).From the“Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors”to the different dynasties established by different ethnic groups in China,the“Chinese unity”has been maintained,which is the result of the multi-ethnic community of China formed over thousands of years’recognition of the excellent Chinese historical and cultural traditions,and of the Chinese nation and its greatness.Looking back at the“four civilizations”of the ancient world,namely,the two river basin civilizations,the ancient Egyptian civilization,the ancient Indian civilization and the Chinese civilization,plus the Mayan civilization and the Inca civilization in the Americas,except for the Chinese civilization,the other four civilizations have been“disrupted”no later than the 6th century AD or the“Age of the Great Voyage”.This is due to the fact that Chinese civilization has inherited for generations the“Zhong”and“Zhonghe”from“national integration”to“national identity”unconsciously as its cultural gene.