中国化马克思主义民族概念和民族理论概念体系的演进脉络

The Evolution of Chinese Marxist Ethno-national Concept and Ethno-national Theory Concept System

词语是概念的语言表征,概念则是理论的基石、思想的出口。中国马克思主义知识分子作为一个自觉的主体登上历史舞台之前,现代汉语“民族”一词包含不同类别、层级的族体的含义已经形成。他们以此为基础,百余年来在中国传播、运用和发展马克思主义民族理论的过程中,通过向“民族”一词注入新意涵、从一般性和规范意义上定义民族等途径重构“民族”概念,构建出一套以“民族”概念为中心,以“前缀词+民族”“民族+后缀词”“前缀词+民族+后缀词”等语言形式组成的上百个、多层级的民族理论概念体系,极大拓展了中国人探索民族世界的理论视野。中国马克思主义知识分子之所以始终将我国处于不同社会进化阶位的各类族体均称为民族,是出于对马克思主义民族平等团结思想的秉承和贯彻,彰显了中国化马克思主义民族理论建设要服务现实民族问题解决的宗旨和他们自身的政治智慧。打造具有中国特色、普遍意义的民族学概念体系,应积极借取中国化马克思主义民族概念和民族理论概念体系在百年构建进程中积累的成果,厘清和深化运用已经形成的多层级概念,同时根据实践发展的需要不断改造或革除过时的概念、提出新概念,而非削足适履于西方民族学、民族主义理论概念。

Words are linguistic representations of concepts,while concepts are the cornerstone of theories and the demonstration for ideas.Before Chinese Marxist intellectuals,as a conscious subject,stepped on the stage of history,the meaning of the modern Chinese word“Minzu”containing different categories and levels of ethno-national groups had already formed up.Based on this,in the process of spreading,applying and developing Marxist ethno-national theory in China for over 100 years,they have reconstructed the concept of“Minzu”by endowing new connotation into the word“Minzu”and defining ethno-national in a general and normative sense.A set of hundreds and multi-level concept system of ethno-national theory,centered on“Minzu”,“prefix+Minz”,“Minzu+suffix”,“prefix+Minzu+suffix”,has been constructed,which greatly expands the theoretical vision of Chinese people in exploring the ethno-national world.The reason for Chinese Marxist intellectuals always calling various kind of ethno-national groups in different social evolution stages Minzu,is due to following and implementation of the Marxist ethno-national equality and unity thought,which displayed the Chinese Marxist ethno-national theory construction to serve the purpose of realistic ethno-national problem solving and their own political wisdom.To build an ethnological concept system with Chinese characteristics and general significance,we should actively refer to the achievements accumulated in the centennial construction process of the Chinese Marxist ethno-national concept and the concept system of ethno-national theory,clarify and deepen the application of the multi-level concepts already formed up.At the same time,according to the needs of practical development,we should constantly transform or eliminate outdated concepts and propose new concepts,rather than applying mechanically others’experience to follow the theoretical concepts of western ethnology and nationalism.