社区社会资本与民族地区的基层治理效能研究

Research on Community Social Capital and the Grassroots Governance Efficiency in Ethnic Regions

在当前社会治理模式深度转型、打造新时代共建共治共享治理格局的大背景下,社区社会资本的挖掘和培育是创新社会治理的重要手段。本文从“黏性”和“韧性”两个维度来分析社区社会资本,探讨社区社会资本在民族地区基层治理中的意义和价值。本研究基于云南和宁夏少数民族地区的调查数据并运用多层模型分析。结果显示,无论是表征社区共同体内部连接紧密程度的黏性社会资本,还是表征社区共同体应对风险和冲击的韧性社会资本,都能显著促进民族地区成员在基层政治选举上的参与度,提升对地方政府的信任度和对民族政策的积极评价。在微观层面上的“黏性”和“韧性”社会资本有助于提升社区成员的幸福感和居住安全感,弱化群际冲突认知。两种不同类型的社会资本在解释基层治理效能的不同面向上存在效应的差异性。此外,在少数民族聚居区、农村社区、信息媒介及社会组织资源丰富的社区中,社区社会资本含量更为丰富。由此可见,民族地区社会治理应该更多挖掘民族地区社会资本,激发民族地区基层治理内生动力,不断提升民族地区基层社会治理水平,切实增强各民族群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感。

Under the background of deep transformation of the current social governance mode and the creation of a new era,the exploration and cultivation of community social capital is an important means for innovative social governance.This article operates community social capital from the two dimensions of“stickiness”and“resilience”,while focusing on the analysis of the value of community social capital in grassroots governance in ethnic regions.This article is based on the survey data in Yunnan and Ningxia ethnic regions and combined with multilevel model analysis.Results indicate that both the sticky social capital that represented the tightness of the internal connections of the community,and the resilient social capital represented grassroots community’s responses to risks and impacts,can significantly promote the participation of ethnic members in grassroots political elections,and can enhance the trust in local governments and the positive evaluation of ethnic policies.At the micro level,the“stickiness”and“resilience”of social capital helps to improve the happiness and living security of community members and alleviate the cognition of inter-group conflicts.Two different types of social capital are different in the different aspects of explaining the effectiveness of grassroots governance.In addition,community social capital is more abundant in ethnic regions,and in rural communities,communities with rich information media and social organizations.It can be seen that social governance in ethnic regions should explore more social capital in those regions to stimulate the endogenous impetus of grassroots governance to continuously improve the level of grassroots social governance iand effectively enhance the sense of gain,happiness and security of all ethnic groups.