环境社会治理中的风险感知与风险接纳研究

Study on Risk Perception and Risk Acceptance in Environmental and Social Governance

新时代中国环境问题治理创新之一,在于将社会要素纳入环境治理体系之中,构建环境社会治理体系。本文使用在环境事件发生前后收集的重化工项目社会影响调查数据,分析了公众对重化工项目的风险感知与风险接纳变化。研究发现:2018年公众对重化工项目的大部分细目的环境风险感知较2014年有所下降,风险接纳程度有所提升;公众风险感知与风险接纳之间存在动态关联;风险沟通和基层信任是影响风险接纳的重要变量,与2014年相比,2018年的风险沟通促进风险接纳的作用增强;环境事件差异化地影响风险沟通、系统信任、环境关心与风险感知和风险接纳的关系。本文认为,风险沟通作为影响风险感知和风险接纳的重要变量,并不止于经济补偿或应急式补救,更应注重公众在环境决策中的全过程实质性参与。公众对项目风险接纳水平提高并不必定意味着其生活满意度、幸福感和获得感增强,未来风险治理不仅需要考虑降低技术项目的环境风险,更需要整合民众对美好生活的需求。

One of the innovations in China’s environmental issue governance in the new era is to incorporate social elements into the environmental governance system and construct the environmental and social governance system.This paper analyzes the public risk perception and risk acceptance changes of heavy chemical projects using the social impact survey data of heavy chemical projects collected before and after environmental incidents.The study found that in 2018,the public perception of most detailed environmental risks in heavy chemical projects decreased in environment risk perception,and increased in environment risk acceptance compared with 2014.There is a dynamic correlation between public risk perception and risk acceptance.Risk communication and trust on the grassroots level are important variables affecting risk acceptance.Risk communication promotes risk acceptance in 2018 compared to 2014.Environmental incidents differentially affect the relationship between risk communication,systematic trust,environmental concern and risk perception and risk acceptance.This paper believes that risk communication as an important variable affecting risk perception and risk acceptance should not limit to economic compensation or emergency remediation,while pay attention to the substantive participation of the whole process in environmental decision-making.Increased public acceptance of project risk does not necessarily mean increased life satisfaction,happiness,and sense of achievements.Future risk governance should not only consider reducing environmental risks to technology projects,but also need to integrate people’s needs for a better life.