乡村振兴战略视野下民间文学的传承与传播——基于喇叭沟门满族乡的分析

The Inheritance and Dissemination of Folk Literature in the Perspective of Rural Revitalization Strategy——Case Study on Labagoumen Manchu Town

民间文学是实施乡村振兴战略的重要资源和途径,但面临着传承与传播的困境。从纵向发展角度看,年轻人的城市化流动伴随着乡村社区的老龄化,使民间文学的代际传承呈现阻滞倾向;从横向传播角度看,生活方式的私密空间化,使传统民间叙事讲述活动的公共空间日渐萎缩;从认知结构看,部分民间叙事的知识基础改变,其存在的合理性受到质疑。乡村振兴战略为民间文学传承与传播提供了良好的动力与契机,其当下传承与传播策略包括:变自发传承为主动传播,脱离"被保护"状态,积极融入市场经济,实现民间文学产业化;将无形的民俗文化与有形传播空间相联动,以多种形式建立民间文学传承的新空间;把口头传统与书面记录及影视、网络等现代传媒手段结合起来,充分运用现代化技术的优势,拓展民间文学的传播途径。经过专业训练的学者也应参与到民间文学的传承实践,以优秀的民间文学激发村落社会的内生力量,建立乡村文化自信,提升乡村居民的幸福感与创造力。喇叭沟门满族乡的民间文学传承经验对民族地区民间文学的当代传承与传播策略具有借鉴意义。

Folk literature is an important resource and way to implement the strategy of rural rejuvenation.Some rural communities enjoy good folk literature texts and excellent folk literature narrators,however are facing the dilemma of lack of succession and dissemination.From the perspective of vertical development,the young people migration along with urbanization process is accompanied by the aging of rural communities,which blocked the intergenerational inheritance of folk literature;from the perspective of horizontal communication,the private space of life style makes the public space of folk narrative activities shrink gradually;from the perspective of cognitive structure,the knowledge base of some folk narratives has changed,and its rationality of existence is in doubt.The strategy of rural rejuvenation required cultural construction,and thus provided good impetus and opportunity for the inheritance and dissemination of folk literature.Its current inheritance and communication strategies include:changing spontaneous inheritance into active communication,breaking away from"being protected"state,actively integrating it into the market economy,and realizing industrialization of the fork literature;the establishment of a new space for the inheritance of folk literature in various forms through integrating intangible folk culture into visible communication space;fully utilize the advantages of modern technology to expand folk literature means of communication through combining the oral tradition with written records,film and television,network and other modern media means.Professionally trained scholars should also participate in the practice of inheritance of folk literature,and stimulate the inner power of village society with excellent folk literature.The folk literature inheritance experience of Labagoumen Manchu Town provides significant references for contemporary inheritance and communication strategy of regional folk literature.