“为人才而竞争”:理解地方政府行为的一个新视角

“Competing for Talents”:A New Perspective to Understand Local Government Behavior

地方政府竞争是理解地方政府行为和中国治理模式的重要视角。本文认为,当前地方政府竞争的指向已从"增长"发展到"高质量增长",地方政府的竞争行为也已由"为增长而竞争"逐渐转向"为人才而竞争"。"为人才而竞争"的本质是对"高质量增长"核心资源的争夺,这一现象的生成,既是破解地方传统"增长"路径难以为继难题的需要,同时也来自于我国压力型动员体制的制度驱动。在"为人才而竞争"的运作过程中,地方政府通过"资助"、"经营"等政策工具,运用"主动比拼"、"争取试点"、"学习改造"等策略手段来参与人才竞争。这种人才竞争运作模式,既促进了一些先发城市人才快速集聚和产业升级,但也带来了同质化竞争、市场失灵放大、可持续性不足等问题。要解决这些问题,需进一步提升"为人才而竞争"在实践和理论层面上的科学化水平。

Local government competition is an important perspective to understand local government behavior and Chinese governance model.This paper argues that the current direction of local government competition has developed from"growth"to"high-quality growth",and the competition behavior of local government has gradually changed from"competition for growth"to"competition for talents".The essence of"competition for talents"is the competition for the core resources of"high-quality growth".The emergence of this phenomenon is not only the need to solve the difficult problem of local traditional"growth"path,but also from the institutional drive of China’s pressure mobilization system.In the operation process of"competition for talents",local governments participate in the competition for talents by the policy tools such as"subsidization","operation"and strategic means such as"actively compete","striving for pilot"and"learning and transformation".This mode of talent competition not only promotes the rapid accumulation of talents and industrial upgrading in some first mover cities,but also brings problems such as homogeneous competition,enlarged market failure and insufficient sustainability.To solve these problems,we need to further make the"competition for talents"scientific in practice and theory.