重塑科层“条块”关系会提升政府回应性么?——一项基于北京市“吹哨报到”改革的政策实验

Will Reshaping the Bureaucratic Relationship Enhance the Government’s Responsiveness?——A Policy Experiment Based on the “Whistle and Report” Reform in Beijing

现有研究多讨论各种外在社会压力带给政府回应性的持续动力,而较少关注科层内部运行机制,尤其是错综复杂的科层"条块"关系对政府回应性的影响。北京市"吹哨报到"改革试点恰提供了一次政策实验机会,它通过科层"条块"流程的重塑,在基层政府与社会之间,探索出一种以政府内绩效考核激励为主要特征的制度化民意回应机制。本文基于2017至2018年180余万条12345热线问政大数据,通过对试点和非试点街乡镇的双重差分分析,发现"吹哨报到"改革的确显著缩短了政府回应时长,并且在多种检验条件下结论依然成立。这说明,党建引领、流程重塑、绩效考核与技术赋能等机制创新,正在重塑科层内部"条块"关系,并提升政府回应性。

Most of the existing studies focus on the continuous driving force of government responsiveness brought by various external social pressures,but pay less attention to the internal operating mechanism of bureaucracy,especially the influence of the complicated bureaucratic departments and levels relationship on government responsiveness.Beijing"Whistle and Report"reform pilot just provides an opportunity for policy experiment.It explores an institutionalized public opinion response mechanism characterized by performance appraisal and incentive within the government between the grass-roots government and the society by reshaping the bureaucratic"piecemeal"process.Based on the big data of more than 1.8 million 12345 hotlines from 2017 to 2018,through the double differential analysis of the pilot and non pilot towns,this paper finds that the"Whistle and Report"reform has indeed significantly shortened the government’s response time,and the conclusion is still valid under a variety of test conditions.This shows that mechanism innovation,such as party building guidance,process remodeling,performance appraisal and technology empowerment,is reshaping the"piecemeal"relationship within the bureaucracy and enhancing the government’s responsiveness.