智能时代下技术革新与政府治理的范式变革——计算式治理的效度与限度

Technological Innovation and Paradigm Change of Government Governance in the Age of Intelligence ——Validity and Limits of Computational Governance

技术革新是考察政府治理变革的重要变量。自第一次工业革命以来,政府治理大致经过大生产式管理、电子化治理以及网络化治理三大范式。以大数据、人工智能和区块链为标志的智能革命正重塑政府治理,并通过"渗透—传导—生成"的政府治理变革机制促使计算式治理范式的生成。具体而言,计算式治理的表征表现为治理主体协同化、治理手段界面化以及治理过程智慧化。计算式治理通过为政府赋能和社会赋权两种方式,提升国家获取和使用信息的能力,促进国家治理能力现代化。然而,计算式治理也有其限度,过于强调国家信息能力建设,可能使得个人隐私保护、社会活力发挥以及国家认同提升三个方面受到限制。技术与政府治理的互动史表明,如何开发技术的工具理性并对其运用加以规制是决定技术适配治理的关键因素。

Technological innovation is an important variable to study the reform of government governance.Since the first industrial revolution,government governance has been roughly governed by three paradigms:mass production management,electronic governance and network governance.The intelligent revolution marked by big data,artificial intelligence and blockchain is reshaping government governance and promoting the generation of computational governance paradigm through the"permeation-transmission-generation"government governance reform mechanism.Specifically,computational governance is characterized by synergistic governance bodies,interface-oriented governance means and intelligent governance processes.By empowering the government and society,computational governance improves the state’s capacity to obtain and use information,and promotes the modernization of national governance capacity.However,computational governance also has its limits.Too much emphasis on national information capacity building may limit the protection of personal privacy,the exertion of social vitality and the promotion of national identity.The interactive history of technology and government governance shows that how to develop the instrumental rationality of technology and regulate its application is the key factor to determine the governance of technology adaptation.