作为规制工具的处罚决定公开:规制机理与效果优化

Punishment Decision Disclosure as a Regulatory Tool:Mechanism and Regulation Effect

实践中,处罚决定公开逐步演变为一种广义规制下的威慑型规制工具,根据规制机理不同,其可分为"声誉机制作用下的处罚决定公开"和"羞辱机制作用下的处罚决定公开"。分析实践状况可见处罚决定公开规制效果有待提升:一是存在"软"的问题,威慑不足;二是存在"滥"的问题,效果偏差催生道德风险。对此,需在处罚决定公开类型化的基础上,有针对性地进行优化。声誉机制作用下的处罚决定公开主要调整经济利益,道德风险小,其威慑可通过优化信息公开范围、信息受众、信息构建和传播方式等得到增强,故其规制效果提升空间大,可增加应用。羞辱机制作用下的处罚决定公开以人格利益减损为威慑,面临道德风险,多数该类公开的规制效果难以提升,故应限制适用,着重公开高收益、低风险的案件信息。

In practice,the punishment decision disclosure has gradually evolved into a deterrent regulatory tool under the generalized regulation.According to the mechanism,the disclosure of punishment decisions can be divided into"publicity under the reputation mechanism"and"publicity under the shame mechanism".In practice,the punishment decision disclosure is puzzled by problems of insufficient efficiency,deviation of regulation purpose and moral hazard,so it needs to be optimized.The"publicity under the reputation mechanism"is mainly to adjust economic interests,which faces low moral hazard,and the regulation efficiency of which can be improved a lot,so it can be used more;optimization is mainly to adjust the scope of public information,information audience,information construction and dissemination mode,in order to obtain the best deterrent effect.The"publicity under the shame mechanism"is deterred by the loss of personal interests,facing moral hazard,and the benefits of which are limited,so it should be limited and focused on the disclosure of high-income,low-risk cases.