专业技术机构助力行政监管:机理、优势与实践——以非例行认可监督为例

Professional Technical Institutions Strengthening Administrative Regulation:Mechanism,Advantages and Practice——Non-Routine Accreditation Supervision as a Case

随着"放管服"改革推进,政府行政监管重点由资格监管转为全过程行为监管,监管的技术性需求逐渐增强。本文以非例行认可监督为典型案例,剖析了专业技术机构发挥技术约束作用的现状和运行机理,并从技术靶向性、技术覆盖面、技术震慑力三个方面,分析了对于现行行政监管机制的比较优势,认为专业技术机构可以沿着合格评定链条,解决认证检测行为过程问题、降低认证检测行为过程风险,技术性预防遏制违规行为。在实践中,自2006年到2019年,非例行认可监督处理比例超过30%,其中专项监督方式的处理比例近70%,发挥了良好的警示作用,引导从业机构提升质量意识,强化事中事后监管,达到了助力行政监管的预期目的。

As the reform continues to deepen the delegating of power,streamlining of administration and optimization of services,the focus of government administrative regulation has shifted from qualification supervision to full-process behavior supervision,and the technical demand for supervision has gradually increased.This article uses non-routine accreditation supervision(nRAS)as a typical case to analyze the present situation and operating mechanism of conformity assessment behavior constrained by technical professional institutions(TPI),and analyzes the comparative advantages of the current administrative regulation mechanism from the three aspects of technology targeting,technology coverage,and technology deterrence.It is believed that TPI can solve the problems and reduce the risk of conformity assessment behavior by technical prevention to irregularities along the conformity assessment chain.In practice,the average punishment ratio of nRAS exceeded 30%,of which the punishment ratio of special supervision methods was nearly 70%from 2006 to 2019.It has been proved that nRAS can warn and guide practitioners to improve quality awareness,strengthen supervision during and after the conformity assessment,and achieve the expected purpose of strengthening administrative regulation.