不同肥料对极早熟高粱产量、农艺性状及品质的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizers on Yield,Agronomic Characteristics and Quality of Early Maturing Sorghum

以高粱品种克杂15号和克杂19号为试验材料,共设置4个处理,分别为常规化肥(CK)、生物复混肥(B1)、缓释肥(B2)和复合肥(B3),4种肥料作为基肥一次性施入,研究不同肥料对极早熟高粱的影响。结果表明,2个品种各处理产量均表现为B2和B3处理显著高于CK和B1;B2和B3处理穗粒数较CK增加约3%,达到了显著水平;B2和B3处理显著增加了株高与穗柄长,株高增长5.5~7.5cm,穗柄长增长3.1~5.7cm;B2和B3处理在生育后期仍有较高的叶绿素相对含量;B2和B3较CK显著提高了籽粒容重和淀粉含量,B1处理较CK显著提高了籽粒中蛋白质含量。综合分析表明,缓释肥(B2)和复合肥(B3)是最佳处理,与常规化肥(CK)处理相比,二者可以明显提高高粱产量,其中克杂15号的产量在7700kg/hm^(2)左右,增产幅度3.19%~4.28%,克杂19号的产量在8000kg/hm^(2)左右,增产幅度5.08%~5.95%,同时提高了高粱的容重,改善了农艺性状并保持了较好的产品品质。

In order to study the effects of different fertilizers on extremely early maturing sorghum Keza 15 and Keza 19,conventional chemical fertilizer(CK),biological compound fertilizer(B1),slow-release fertilizer(B2)and compound fertilizer(B3)were applied as base fertilizer,respectively.The results showed that the yields of B2 and B3 treatments were significantly higher than those of CK and B1;the seeds per panicle of B2 and B3 treatments increased by about 3%compared with CK,and the difference among treatments reached a significant level;B2 and B3 treatments significantly increased plant height and peduncle length.The growth range of plant height was 5.5-7.5cm,and the growth range of peduncle length was 3.1-5.7cm.B2 and B3 treatments had higher relative chlorophyll contents in the late growth stage.B2 and B3 treatments significantly increased grain bulk density and starch contents compared with CK,while B1 significantly increased protein content in grains compared with CK.Comprehensive analysis showed that slow-release fertilizer(B2)and compound fertilizer(B3)treatments were the best treatments,which could significantly increase the yield of sorghum compared with conventional chemical fertilizer(CK).The yield of Keza 15 was about 7700kg/ha,with an increase of 3.19%-4.28%,and the yield of Keza 19 was about 8000kg/ha,with an increase of 5.08%-5.95%.B2 and B3 treatments also increased the bulk density of sorghum,improved the agronomic characteristics and maintained the good product quality.