云南省小麦地方品种抗条锈病基因检测与地理分布

Molecular Detection and Geographic Distribution of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Loci in Yunnan Wheat Landraces

云南省农作物种质资源库保存的云南省小麦种质资源类型丰富多样,是现代小麦育种改良的珍贵遗传资源。开展库存资源鉴定评价,明确其特征特性,是优异种质资源筛选和利用的前提和基础。本研究利用与已知抗病基因Yr5、Yr10、Yr18紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记,对208份库存地方小麦品种进行位点检测与地理分布研究,明确云南省小麦地方品种资源条锈病抗性基因位点分布规律,为条锈病抗性资源筛选与生态育种利用提供理论参考。结果表明,云南小麦地方资源中Yr10和Yr18抗病基因分布广泛,供试材料中有143份携带上述2个抗病基因,占比68.75%。其中,Yr10的分布频率最高,携带目的片段的材料数量达104份;含Yr18的数量为39份。而Yr5分布较少,仅为12份,占比5.77%。同时,对3个抗病基因地理分布研究表明,云南省保山市隆阳区、昌宁、巍山、凤庆、澜沧5个县(区)均可同时检测到3个抗性基因,推测其可能为Yr5、Yr10、Yr18基因的集中分布区域。

The Yunnan wheat germplasm resources stored in the Yunnan Province Crop Germplasm Resources Bank are rich and diverse,and is a precious genetic resource for modern wheat breeding and improvement.Evaluation of exploration of the superior resistance genes from them are crucial steps in the enhancement of current wheat breeding.This study used molecular markers which were closely linked or co-isolated with resistance genes of Yr5,Yr10 and Yr18 to detect the gene loci in 208 yunnan wheat landrace,to clarify the distribution of stripe rust resistance gene loci of Yunnan wheat landrace,and provide theoretical reference for the selection and breeding of stripe rust resistance resources.The results showed that,Yr10 and Yr18 resistance genes were widely distributed in Yunnan wheat landrace,and a total of 143 test materials carried the two resistance genes above,accounting for 68.75%.Among them,the distribution frequency of Yr10 was the highest,with 104 materials carrying target fragments,there were 39 materials containing Yr18,however,Yr5 was less distributed,with only 12,accounting for 5.77%.At the same time,the geographical distribution of three disease resistance genes were studied.It was found that three resistance genes could be detected simultaneously in Baoshan Longyang District,Changning,Weishan,Fengqing and Lancang of Yunnan province.We speculate that this region might be the concentrated distribution region of Yr5,Yr10 and Yr18 genes.