新自由主义对英美等国收入不平等的影响

The Impact of Neoliberalism on Income Inequality in Countries such as the UK and the US

通过梳理20世纪70年代以来新自由主义扩大英美等国收入不平等的主要影响渠道,从新自由主义理论和经济政策层面分析其加剧收入不平等程度的内在作用机制,揭示新自由主义理论和经济政策如何通过教育市场化、经济金融化、资本全球化和财政紧缩化等渠道扩大英美等国收入不平等程度。有鉴于此,我国在实现共同富裕的过程中,需要引导资本有序发展,防止私人资本在教育、养老和基础设施等公共品领域野蛮扩张;遏制经济发展的“脱实向虚”,尤其需要防范非金融企业的金融化经营倾向;合理调节资本的收入分配权,提升劳动的收入分配份额;利用税收、社会保障和转移支付等财政手段完善再分配调节机制,为实现共同富裕提供体制和政策保障。

By combing through the main channels by which neoliberalism increased income inequality in countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States since the 1970s,this paper analyzes the internal mechanism of neoliberalism's exacerbation of this issue.It reveals how neoliberal theory and economic policy have intensified income inequality in countries such as the UK and the US by means of education marketization,economic financialization,the globalization of capital,fiscal tightening and etc..In view of this,it behooves China,on the path to common prosperity,to navigate the orderly development of capital and prevent brute expansion of private capital in the field of public goods such as education,aged care,and infrastructure;to curb the economic development from being diverted out of the real economy,guarding in particular against the tendency of non-financial enterprises to move into financial management;adjust capital-income distribution rights and increase the share of labor in income distribution;and utilize fiscal means such as taxation,social security,and transfer payments to alleviate the redistribution mechanism,and thus provide institutional and policy insurance for the realization of common prosperity.