比例原则适用的范式转型

Paradigm Shifts in the Application of the Proportionality Principle

比例原则正在经历某种范式转型。在辐射范围上,比例原则实现从国别、区域到全球的地域性影响,完成从公法、私法到其他部门法的渗透;在功能定位上,比例原则保留传统权利保障功能的基本定位,同时拓展到权力配置功能的复合形态;在适用形态上,比例原则作为法律原则的规范性命题伴随司法适用的推进得以进一步彰显,并且开始作为方法论成为"目标—手段"理性构建的基准。之所以呈现这些范式转型,除了比例原则自身的内涵和特质,离不开代际更迭中的法治观转型和全球化影响。需要认真探索比例原则范式转型的本土化实现路径,基本立场是突破公法适用的藩篱,遵循"统而分殊"的路径。"统"的立论基础是探索"无部门法差别"意义上的比例原则范式转型路径,"殊"则是探讨其在具体学科领域适用中的特殊性。

The proportionality principle is undergoing aparadigm shift.In terms of scope,its influence has expanded from countries to regions to the world and has permeated public and private law initially and then other sectors of law;in terms of functional position,it has retained its basic traditional function of rights protection while at the same time extending its function to complex patterns of power allocation;and in terms of applied forms,it is further manifested as the normative proposition of a legal principle and accompanies the progress of judicial application.As a methodology,it has become a criterion for the construction of"means/ends"rationality.Apart from the nature and characteristics of the proportionality principle itself,an inseparable reason for these paradigm shifts has been the transformation of the idea of rule of law and the influence of globalization amid generational change.We must give serious thought to exploring pathways to the sinicization of the proportionality principle’s paradigm shift.The basic position should be to break through the principle’s limited application in public law and follow the path of"unity amid differentiation."The theoretical basis of unity is exploration of the transformative path of the proportionality principle in the sense of"no sectoral legal differences,"while"differentiation"means exploring the particularity of the principle’s application to specific disciplines.