寻回“失落”的用户——平台合作治理与用户的主体性建构

Recovering the“Lost”Users——Platform Cooperative Governance and the Construction of Users'Subjectivity

当今社会已步入平台时代,平台治理需要平台企业、政府和用户的共同参与。裁量权的分享是合作治理的重要特征,平台权力的合法性源于公权力的默许和用户权利的让渡,这彰显出平台治理的合作样态,也表明平台由于技术和资源优势而对用户享有的支配力得到了现有法律话语的确认。在“政府—平台”合作中,用户被置于规制对象地位,成为平台合规压力的最终承受主体,其合法权益面临被平台权力侵犯的风险;在“用户—平台”合作中,用户作用被虚化,其治理参与日渐式微。文章认为,需合理设置平台责任,并适度引入公法理念以约束平台行为,从而规范平台与政府间合作关系;应强化平台对用户的责任面向,并通过程序设计来保障用户的治理参与,以此激活平台与用户的合作;在“举报/投诉—回应”机制运行、公民意识塑造和信任维持方面强化用户与政府合作,最终形成治理合力,塑造良好的平台生态。

We have entered the platform society currently,and platform governance requires the joint participation of platform enterprises,government and users.The sharing of discretionary power is an important feature of cooperative governance,and the legitimacy of platform power comes from the acquiescence of public power and the concession of users'rights,which highlights the cooperative mode of platform governance and shows that the dominance of platforms over users due to their technological and resource advantages has been confirmed by the existing legal discourse.In the“government-platform”cooperation,users are placed in the status of regulatory objects and become the ultimate subject of platform compliance pressure,and their legitimate rights and interests are at risk of being violated by the platform power;in the“user-platform”cooperation,the role of users is deflated and their participation in governance is diminishing.The article argues that the responsibility of the platform should be reasonably set,and the concept of public law should be appropriately introduced to restrain the behavior of the platform,so as to debug the cooperation between the platform and the government;the responsibility of the plaform to the users should be strengthened,and the participation of the users in governance should be guaranteed through procedural design,so as to activate the cooperation between the platform and the users;and the cooperation between users and government should be strengthened in the operation of“report/complaints-response”mechanism,citizenship aw areness building and trust maintenance,so as to finally form a governance synergy and shape a good platform ecology.