流域生态补偿分担模式研究——以九洲江流域为例

A model of shared responsibility of watershed ecological compensation:A case study of the Jiuzhoujiang River Basin

生态补偿分担比例是流域生态补偿实践中面临的重要问题。依据流域生态治理阶段,针对跨省重要水源地生态补偿,提出试行阶段、修复阶段、稳定阶段等3个阶段分担比例确定的思路。试行阶段以污染控制和水质改善为目标,补偿资金由流域上游、下游、国家三方共同分担,且在3年期间国家分担比例逐渐降低;修复阶段以生态资源保护为主,补偿目标是水质与水量同时达标,分担比例以上游、下游水量分配作为依据,双方共同承担;稳定阶段以上下游互利双赢、绿色发展为目标,以机会成本的宏观经济指标作为分担依据。通过对九洲江流域鹤地水库生态补偿的实证研究,补偿资金在3年试行阶段上游广西、下游广东、国家三方承担的比例分别为:第一年25.00%、25.00%、50.00%,第二年28.50%、28.50%、43.00%,第三年33.30%、33.30%、33.30%。修复阶段广西、广东、国家分担比例为39.30%、53.60%、7.1%;稳定阶段广西、广东分担比例为48.60%、51.40%。本文为确定九洲江流域生态补偿分担比例提供参考,并可为建立流域生态补偿长效机制提供依据。

Determining the proportion of shared responsibility is the most significant issue in the practice of watershed ecological compensation.According to the stages of river pollution control and ecological restoration,a model of three stages watershed ecological compensation responsibility sharing is proposed,which involves the trial stage,the restoration stage,and the stabilization stage.In the trial stage,the goal is pollution control and water quality improvement.Cost is shared by the upstream area,the downstream area,and the central government,and the proportion afforded by the central government will decline in three years.In the restoration stage,the goal is ecological conservation and restoration,and water quality and quantity should meet the requirements at the same time.Cost is shared by the upstream area and the downstream area according to the amount of water allocation.In the stabilization stage,the goal is to achieve a winwin situation and green development of the upstream and downstream areas.The proportion of compensation responsibility is determined by the opportunity costs of the upstream area.A case study of watershed ecological compensation in Jiuzhoujiang River basin shows that,in the trial stage,the proportion of shared responsibility of the upstream Guangxi Province,the downstream Guangdong Province,and the central government in the first year is 25.00%,25.00%,and 50.00%,in the second year is 28.50%,28.50%,and 43.00%,and in the third year is 33.30%,33.30%,and33.30%.In the restoration stage,the proportion of shared responsibility of the upstream area,the downstream area,and the central government is 39.30%,53.60%,and 7.10%.In the stabilization stage,the proportion of shared responsibility of the upstream and the downstream governments is48.60%and 51.40%.The results can contribute to the discussion of long-term watershed ecological compensation system,and it can also be a reference for the ecological compensation responsibility sharing of the Jiuzhoujiang River basin.