信贷需求抑制对农户耕地质量提升型农业技术采用的影响——基于农户分化的调节效应分析

Effects of farmers’ credit demand rationing on the adoption of agricultural technologies that improve cultivated land quality:An analysis based on the moderating effect of farmer differentiation

合理引导农户采用具有提升耕地质量的农业技术对于建设高标准农田至关重要,但是当前农户信贷需求抑制引发的资本投入不足是否抑制了农户采用此类技术有待研究。本文使用黑龙江、河南、浙江和四川4省957户关于粮食种植户农业生产生活的入户调研数据解答这一问题,在区分不同属性的耕地质量提升型农业技术的基础上,运用含有工具变量法的CMP模型实证分析信贷需求抑制对农户采用不同属性农业技术的影响,并检验农户分化下的调节效应。研究发现:①当前农户对耕地质量提升型农业技术采用率普遍偏低,信贷需求抑制较为普遍,并呈现中西部偏高,东部偏低的情况;②信贷需求抑制对于具有增资属性的耕地质量提升型农业技术具有显著负向影响,而对于无增资属性的农业技术影响不显著;③农户分化对信贷需求抑制影响农户采用短期且增资属性的农业技术具有显著调节作用,即在信贷需求抑制背景下,不同类型的农户在采用具有短期属性农业技术有显著差别,而对具有长期属性的农业技术采用没有显著差别。总结而言,信贷需求抑制显著抑制了农户采用具有增资属性的耕地质量提升型农业技术,农户分化导致农户在采用具有短期收益属性的技术上出现差异性,而在长期收益属性的技术采用上差异不显著。

Promoting farmers’adoption of agricultural technologies that can improve the quality of cultivated land is important for the construction of high standard farmland.At present,credit demand rationing may cause the lack of capital investment of farming households in China.This study used the survey data of 957 grain growers in four provinces of China to examine whether credit demand rationing affects farmers’adoption of technologies that improve cultivated land quality.A conditional mixed-process model was used for the analysis and the moderating effect of farmer differentiation on the impact of credit demand rationing on agricultural technology adoption was explored.The results show that:(1)At present,the adoption rate of agricultural technologies that improve cultivated land quality is low,and credit demand rationing is widespread.It is particularly high in the central and western parts of China,but low in the east;(2)Credit demand rationing has a negative impact on the adoption of agricultural technologies that improve cultivated land quality with the demand of capital investment,but has no significant impact on the technologies without the demand of capital investment;(3)Farmer differentiation has moderating effects on the impact of credit demand rationing.That is,under the background of credit demand suppression,there are significant differences between different types of farmers in the use of agricultural technologies with short-term benefits,and no significant difference in the use of agricultural technologies with long-term benefits.