黄河上游地区减贫转向与高质量发展

Poverty reduction turn and high-quality development in the upper reaches of the Yellow River

黄河上游地区是中国贫困易发高发的地区。在2020年打赢脱贫攻坚战背景下,探讨该地区减贫转向特征和高质量发展路径,对实现区域可持续发展具有重要指导意义。本文通过梳理流域地区发展研究和国家战略需求,基于发展地理学视角,构建了面向流域减贫与发展的"五位一体"地理资本体系及其空间整合分析框架。在界定黄河上游地区范围的基础上,阐述了该地区的减贫转向与发展问题。研究发现:黄河上游地区贫困发生率持续下降,贫困人口大幅减少,2020年后将实现减贫转向;地理资本指数呈明显上升趋势,上升幅度高于黄河流域(0.078)和全国平均水平(0.067),但仍受城乡居民收入和城市化水平较低,工业企业研发强度、贸易依存度、专利密度和技术市场水平较弱等方面的制约;该地区与黄河流域和全国比较发展差距在缩小,呈现区域收敛趋势,但欠发达的格局没有改变。在减贫转向和区域收敛的背景下,综合集成构建了该地区可持续减贫及由传统增长向高质量发展转型的路径模式。

The upper reaches of the Yellow River is the area where poverty is easy and frequent in China.In the context of winning the war against poverty in 2020,it is of great guiding significance to explore the characteristics of poverty reduction turn and high-quality development path for the regional sustainable development.Based on existing research on basin development and governance and national strategies and from the perspective of development geography,an analytical framework of the"five-in-one"geographic capital system and its spatial integration for poverty reduction and development in river basins were constructed.On the basis of defining the scope of the upper reaches of the Yellow River,the issues of poverty alleviation and development in this area was elaborated.The results show that:the incidence of poverty in the upper reaches of the Yellow River continued to decline,the population in poverty had been greatly reduced,and poverty alleviation will be realized after 2020.The geographic capital index values showed a clear upward trend,the increase rate was higher than the Yellow River Basin(0.078)and the national average levels(0.067).However,geographic capital was still restricted by the low income level of urban and rural residents,lower urbanization level,weak research and development intensity of industrial enterprises,weak trade dependence,lower patent density,weak technological market level,and other constraints.Under the background of poverty alleviation and regional convergence,a conceptual model of poverty governance and high-quality development was proposed considering the localization,regionalization,and globalization of regional sustainable poverty reduction and development.