硅对水稻生长的影响及其缓解镉毒害机理研究进展

A Review on Silicon: Effect on Rice Growth and Its Mechanism of Relieving Cadmium Toxicity

为研发高效硅肥和防治农田镉污染提供借鉴资料,本文综述了施加硅肥对水稻生长发育的影响,包括提高水稻产量和品质,增强抗倒伏、抗病虫害及干旱等逆境的能力,尤其是增强抗镉毒害等能力。并从生理学机制和土壤学机制两方面重点分析了施加硅肥对缓解镉毒害作用的可能机理。生理学机制方面:硅通过参与水稻的生理代谢活动,使水稻抗氧化系统酶的活性和清除自由基的能力增强;抑制镉的吸收及其在水稻体内的运输;硅与镉在水稻体内的螯合和区隔作用。土壤学机制方面:硅肥改变土壤理化性质,降低土壤中有效态镉的含量;硅镉吸附沉淀作用,减少水稻对镉吸收。最后针对硅肥的开发利用及技术推广提出展望。

The aim is to provide references for developing high-efficiency silicon fertilizer and controlling cadmium pollution in farmland.The authors summarized the effects of silicon fertilizer application on rice growth and development,including increasing the yield and quality,improving the resistance to lodging,insect pests,and drought,especially enhancing the resistance to cadmium toxicity.In addition,from the aspect of physiology and soil science,the possible mechanism of silicon fertilizer to alleviating cadmium poisoning was analyzed.From the aspect of the physiological mechanism,by involving in physiological metabolic activities of rice,silicon enhances the enzyme activity in antioxidant system and the scavenging ability of free radicals.Silicon inhibits cadmium uptaking and its transportation in rice.Silicon and cadmium have the chelation and segmentation in rice.From the soil science mechanism,silicon fertilizer changes the physical and chemical properties of soil,reduces the content of available cadmium in soil.Silicon and cadmium have the adsorption and precipitation,which could reduce cadmium uptake by rice.Finally,the prospect of the development and utilization of silicon fertilizer and its technology extension are discussed.