中国马铃薯土壤氮磷钾丰缺指标与适宜施肥量

The Abundance-deficiency Indexes of Soil NPK and Appropriate Fertilization Rates for Potato in China

采用零散理论数据整合法和"养分平衡-地力差减法"确定适宜施肥量新应用公式,开展了中国马铃薯土壤氮、磷、钾丰缺指标与适宜施肥量研究。结果表明:中国马铃薯土壤第1~7级全氮丰缺指标依次为≥2.22、1.55~2.22、1.08~1.55、0.76~1.08、0.53~0.76、0.37~0.53、<0.37 g/kg,碱解氮依次为≥306、203~306、135~203、90~135、60~90、40~60、<40 mg/kg;北方土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)第1~7级丰缺指标依次为≥50、25~50、13~25、7~13、4~7、2~4、<2 mg/kg,南方土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)第1~6级丰缺指标依次为≥81、43~81、27~43、15~27、4~15、<4 mg/kg;中国土壤速效钾(NH4OAc-K)第1~6级丰缺指标依次为≥307、182~307、120~182、72~120、31~72、<31 mg/kg。当氮、磷、钾肥当季利用率分别为40%、20%、50%,马铃薯目标产量15~75 t/hm^2时,土壤养分丰缺级别第1~7级的适宜施氮量范围依次为0~0、23~113、45~225、68~338、90~450、113~563、135~675 kg/hm^2,适宜施磷量范围依次为0~0、12~60、24~120、36~180、48~240、60~300、72~360 kg/hm^2,适宜施钾量范围依次为0~0、21~105、42~210、63~315、84~420、105~525、126~630 kg/hm^2。

The abundance-deficiency index(ADI)of soil N,P,K and the appropriate fertilizer application rates for potato in China were studied.The methods of scattered theoretical data integration and the new applied formula based on"nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield"for determining the appropriate fertilizer application rates were employed.The results show that the ADI of soil total nitrogen for potato in China from the first to the seventh level are≥2.22,1.55-2.22,1.08-1.55,0.76-1.08,0.53-0.76,0.37-0.53 and<0.37 g/kg,respectively.The ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen are≥306,203-306,135-203,90~135,60~90,40~60 and<40 mg/kg.The ADI of soil available P(Olsen-P)from the first to the seventh level in north China are≥50,25-50,13-25,7-13,4-7,2-4 and<2 mg/kg,respectively.The ADI of soil available P(Olsen-P)from the first to the sixth level in south China are≥81,43-81,27-43,15-27,4-15 and<4 mg/kg.The ADI of soil available K(NH4 OAc-K)from the first to the sixth level in China were≥307,182-307,120-182,72-120,31-72 and<31 mg/kg,respectively.When the N,P and K fertilizer use efficiencyofcurrentseasonis 40%,20%and 50%,respectively,andtheprojectedyieldofpotatois 15-75 t/hm^2,the ranges of appropriate N fertilizer application rates from the first to the seventh level soil are 0-0,23-113,45-225,68-338,90-450,113-563 and 135-675 kg/hm^2,respectively.The ranges of the appropriate P fertilizer application rates from the first to the seventh level soil are 0-0,12-60,24-120,36-180,48-240,60-300 and 72-360 kg/hm^2.The ranges of the appropriate K fertilizer application rates from the first to the sixth level soil are 0-0,21-105,42-210,63-315,84-420,105-525 and 126-630 kg/hm^2,respectively.