多元精准扶贫政策实施与脱贫农户生计脆弱性——基于湘鄂渝黔毗邻民族地区的经验分析

Implementation of Diversified Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policies and Livelihood Vulnerability of Out-of-poverty Farming Households: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Adjacent Ethnic Areas of Hunan, Hubei,Chongqing and Guizhou Provinces

贫困户脱贫后扶持政策暂时不变,昭示脱贫农户后期生计可持续发展应纳入精准扶贫政策的核心范畴。本文研究根据湖南、湖北、重庆、贵州邻接民族地区脱贫农户微观调查数据,以综合测度的脱贫农户生计脆弱性指数为基础,研究多元精准扶贫政策如何影响了脱贫农户生计脆弱性。研究结果显示:多元精准扶贫政策显著降低了脱贫农户生计脆弱性,这一作用对脱贫边缘户的影响程度更大。多元精准扶贫政策主要通过增加农户收入多样性、提高农户对政府的信任度和增强其致富动能等途径来降低脱贫人口的生计脆弱性。此外,不同扶贫政策对脱贫农户生计脆弱性的影响存在差异,产业扶贫政策和混合型扶贫政策的影响最为突出,劳动力就业转移政策的影响次之,随后是安居房工程政策,教育扶贫的政策效果尚不显著。

After poverty alleviation,the supporting policies will remain unchanged,which indicates that the sustainable development of the livelihood of poverty alleviation farmers should be included in the core category of targeted poverty alleviation policies.Based on the micro survey data of out-of-poverty farmers in Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing and Guizhou neighboring ethnic areas,this article examines how the multiple targeted poverty alleviation policies affect the livelihood vulnerability of out-of-poverty farmers on the basis of their livelihood vulnerability index being comprehensively measured.The results show that the multiple targeted poverty alleviation policies have significantly reduced the livelihood vulnerability of poverty-stricken households,and the impact is greater on marginal households.Diversified targeted poverty alleviation policies have reduced the livelihood vulnerability of the poverty-stricken population mainly through increasing income diversification,improving farmers’trust in the government,and enhancing their motivation to get rich.In addition,the impact of different poverty alleviation policies on the livelihood vulnerability of poverty-stricken rural households varies.Industrial poverty alleviation policies and mixed poverty alleviation policies have the most prominent impact,followed by labor employment transfer policies,and then by housing project policies,while the impact of education poverty alleviation policies is not significant.