集体地权制度下农地合约选择与经营体制变迁——松江集体村社型家庭农场的案例分析

The Choice of Farmland Contract and the Change of Management System under Collective Farmland Ownership:A Case Study Based on Songjiang Communal Family Farms

集体所有制与地方性制度约束影响农地合约的可选择性和不同主体之间的权利配置,导致新古典意义的"农地市场化流转—规模经营—农业绩效提高"路径难以实现,因此,"三权分置"改革后,不同农地合约结构对制度绩效的影响备受关注。在集体地权可分割、乡村治理体系转型的前提下,本文构建了一个农地合约结构与制度绩效的分析框架,并对松江集体村社型家庭农场进行了案例分析。研究发现,在"地方政府—村社集体—农户"阶梯型农地合约结构下,若相关利益主体围绕集体共有农地资源达成一致协定并能实现共同获益,集体共有产权下的农地合约可以提高制度绩效。案例分析也表明,集体村社型家庭农场合约结构使集体所有权和代理权更加明晰,农户承包权利益置换得以实现,农地经营权得到保障,从而提升了农业绩效。

The collective ownership and local system constraints affect the selectivity of Farmland contracts and the allocation of land rights between different agencies,resulting in the difficulty in realizing the path of "marketization of farmland transfer,scale operation and agricultural production efficiency improvement" in the neoclassical sense.As a result,the impacts of different Farmland contracts on system performance have received much attention since the reform of "three rights separation".Under the separation of collective land rights and the transformation of rural governance system,this article puts forward a theoretical framework of the communal family farm system based on Farmland contract and its system performance and conducts a case study of Songjiang communal family farms.It finds that if the government and the collective,as well as those belonging to the collective,can reach a three-level agreement around the use of communal farmland resources and achieve common benefits,the farmland system reform under the common property rights can improve the system performance.The case of Songjiang proves that the communal family farm system formed by the interested parties’ contracts can make the collective ownership and agency rights clearer,realize the interests of farmers’ contractual rights and guarantee the management rights,thus improving the agricultural performance.