资源匮乏型村庄如何发展新型集体经济?——基于公共治理说的陕西袁家村案例分析

How to Develop New Collective Economy in Resource-poor Villages? A Case Study of Yuanjiacun in Shaanxi Province Based on the Theory of Public Governance

大多数村庄资源匮乏,如何依托自身力量,内生发展集体经济?已有研究就农村集体经济发展,提出了产权缺失说和社会经济说,前者提倡大力开展集体产权制度改革,后者强调培育集体经济的社会性。然而,产权制度改革极易导致集体资产流失,带来"无公平的效率",而过分强调集体经济的社会性,又容易导致"无效率的公平"。本文针对两大学说的不足,提出公共治理说,并结合公共池塘资源自主治理理论与共建共治共享的社会治理理论,构建了资源匮乏型村庄发展新型集体经济的理论框架,使用袁家村案例说明,即使资源匮乏,也能内生发展:一是资源共建,依靠村庄的社会资本共建公共池塘资源,破解资源匮乏困境;二是社会共治,建立中国化的自主治理规则,创新集体经济发展制度;三是成果共享,凭借灵活调整的股权配置,解决利益分配失衡问题,实现共同富裕。公共治理说的新视角,不仅为发展新型集体经济提供了新视野、新思路,也为丰富完善公共池塘资源和自主治理理论,贡献了中国经验和中国智慧。

Most villages are lack of resources.How can they rely on their own strength to develop their collective economy endogenously?Existing studies have put forward two kind of theories.From the perspective of property rights,one kind of theory vigorously advocates carrying out collective property rights system reform.From the perspective of the social economy,another kind of theory emphasizes the cultivation of the social nature of the collective economy.However,the former one can easily lead to the loss of collective assets and"unfair efficiency",and the latter can lead to"inefficient fairness".Based on the deficiencies of the two theories,this article proposes the theory of public governance,and constructs a theoretical framework for the development of new collective economy in resource-poor villages,based on the self-governance theory in the West and the Chinese social governance theory of"collaboration,participation and common interests".Eventually,the study illustrates that even if resources are scarce,a village can achieve endogenous development.Concerning joint construction of resources,a village,by relying on social capital,can manage common-pool resources and solve social dilemmas.Regarding social co-governance,a village can establish a Chinese-style self-governance system and innovate the new collective economic development system.With respect to common interests,members in a village collective can solve the imbalance of interest distribution and achieve common prosperity by means of flexible adjustment of equity allocation.The new perspective of public governance theory not only provides new vision and new ideas for the development of new collective economy,but also contributes Chinese experience and wisdom to enrich and improve common pool resources and self-governance theories.