教育婚姻匹配与婚姻满意度

Educational Assortative Mating and Marital Satisfaction

文章利用2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),采用对角参照模型分析教育婚姻匹配模式对夫妻婚姻满意度的影响。研究发现:(1)受教育程度越高的同质婚,夫妻婚姻满意度越高;(2)妻子比丈夫学历高会显著降低双方的婚姻满意度;(3)夫妻的学历差距对各自婚姻满意度的影响存在差异,妻子受教育程度高于丈夫的幅度越大,婚姻满意度越低,而略低于丈夫则会显著增加妻子的婚姻满意度;丈夫受教育程度低于妻子2个等级及以上会显著降低其婚姻满意度。随着教育获得性别差异的逆转,越来越多的年轻女性学历高于男性,婚姻匹配中的女高男低现象将不断增加,婚姻稳定性将会面临更大挑战。

Using data from Chinese Family Panel Survey,this paper analyses the impact of educational assortative mating on marital satisfaction of husbands and wives by using diagonal reference models.The results show that:(1)the higher the level of educational homogamy,the higher the marital satisfaction.(2)Women’s educational hypogamy significantly reduces their marital satisfaction.(3)The influences of educational distance differ for husband and wife.For wife,large educational difference indicates a stronger negative effect on their marital satisfaction,whereas short-range hypergamy increases their marital satisfaction.For husband,educational hypergamy with a difference by two levels or greater has a significant negative impact on their marital satisfaction.With the reversal of educational difference by gender in the population,wife’s educational hypogamy will increase,which may pose challenges to the marital stability and satisfaction in the future.