博物馆观众研究简史(二)——20世纪60年代至80年代

Visitor Studies: A Short History( Part II,1960s—1980s)

博物馆观众研究领域最早的成果可以追溯到吉尔曼(Gilman)在1911年的研究工作,本文对观众评估研究的关注对象与问题进行了历史性的批判分析。本研究揭示了各类研究建立的范式,包括对实施机制的说明、对评估客观性的审问、对文化民主化研究和营销相关研究之间不协调性的强调。本文介绍了20世纪60年代至80年代教育技术模型对博物馆观众研究的影响,并结合皇家安大略博物馆和大英博物馆(自然史部分)的案例,介绍了教育技术模型的应用。

This article offers a historical and critical analysis of the preoccupations and problems covered by studies on visitor study and evaluation since the first works by Gilman in 1911.It reveals the paradigms on which the studies were built,to illustrate the dynamics put in place,to question the objectives of evaluation,and to highlight the tensions between studies concerning cultural democratization and those linked to marketing.The impact of instructional technology model on visitor studies during 1960 s to 1980 s were introduced in this part.It also introduced the application of instructional technology model in museum evaluation through the cases of the Royal Ontario Museum and the British Museum(Natural History).