学前教育、户籍差异与女性劳动供给

Preschool Education,Household Registration Difference and Urban Female Labor Supply

已有研究表明,农村移民女性和城市女性处于分割的劳动力市场中,因此学前教育对她们劳动供给的影响可能存在差异。本文利用中国家庭追踪调查2012—2018年数据,构建双重差分模型,考察了学前教育对两类女性劳动供给的不同影响。研究表明,学前教育提高了农村移民女性的劳动供给,但对城市女性影响不明显。原因是农村移民女性的劳动收入低于城市女性,获取隔代照料的难度也更大,因此学前教育大幅减轻了她们的照护负担,并提升其劳动供给。为提升农村移民女性劳动供给,政府应对她们的儿童照护支出进行补助,并提高学前教育服务的可获得性。

As it is well-known that the labor market of rural migrants and that of urban-hukou holders are segmented,this paper applies the difference-in-differences strategy to examine whether maternal labor supplies of these two groups respond heterogeneously to preschool education based on the 2012—2018 China Family Panel Studies data.Our estimation results reveal that preschool significantly increases maternal labor supply of migrants but has no significant effect on that of urban-hukou holders.Compared to urban-hukou holders,migration mothers have lower labor income and lack of skip-generation childcare.Thus,preschool will greatly free migration mothers from childcare and increase their labor supply.This suggests that to encourage maternal labor supply of migrants,government should subsidize their childcare expenditure and provide them with easier access to public preschool.