个人信息保护法中的社会公共利益

The Societal Public Interest in Personal Information Protection Law

《个人信息保护法》以“个人信息处理者违反本法规定处理个人信息,侵害众多个人的权益”作为提起检察公益诉讼的条件,其中,“侵害众多个人的权益”,不同于既往“损害社会公共利益”的立法表达。如何把握《个人信息保护法》上的社会公共利益,需要结合社会公共利益适应经济社会发展变化的一般原理深入追问和阐释。个人信息利益结构的多层次性和《个人信息保护法》立法目的的多元化,决定了与信息保护利用相关的社会公共利益的复杂化。《个人信息保护法》中的社会公共利益,有三个层面:第一,当侵害个人利益具有损害社会一般性价值的普遍性和典型性时,实则侵害社会公共利益,这也是对“众多”的直接理解;第二,数据信息交易安全、数据市场有序竞争与健康发展是该法上的社会公共利益;第三,对个人与超级平台信息处理者之间能力过分悬殊的适度修正,是该法上的社会公共利益。这三个层面的社会公共利益是检察公益诉讼的三大起点。

According to Personal Information Protection Law,“the misuse of personal information by a personal information processor in breach of this Law,thus infringing upon rights and interests of a large number of individuals”is deemed a condition for instituting public interest litigation.“Infringing upon the rights and interests of a large number of individuals”is different from the previously prevailing legislative terminology of“detriment to societal public interest”.In order to better understand“societal public interest”,we need to have in-depth questioning and expounding by applying the general principles of societal public interest’s adaptation to economic and social changes.The multi-tier nature of the interest structure of personal information and pluralism of legislative purposes of Personal Information Law determine the complexity of the societal public interest relevant to the protection and use of information.The societal public interest within the meaning of Personal Information Law has three dimensions.First,when the infringement of personal interests has the universality and typicality of harming the general value of a society,it actually harms the public interest.This is also the direct interpretation of“large of number of individuals”.Second,the security of data information transactions and the orderly competition and healthy development of the data market represents the societal public interest under the law.Third,the moderate correction of the excessive disparity of capabilities between individuals and super platform information processors also constitutes the societal public interest within the meaning of the law.These three prongs of the societal public interest shall also be the three major starting points for prosecutorial public interest litigation.