论检察公益调查核实权的强制性

On the Compulsory Nature of the Investigation and Verification Power of the Procuratorate in the Public Interest Litigation

检察机关在民事公益诉讼的证明责任、证明标准、证明对象上负担较重,现有法律规范上的调查方式、调查保障也没有赋予检察机关足够的调查优势,使得检察公益调查核实权欠缺足以应付"调查难"问题的"强制性"。在权利源泉上,检察公益调查核实权与检察监督调查核实权、法院调查取证职权均存在差异,故检察机关应当向外转向审判机关的司法职权协助。在表现形态上,检察机关在民事公益诉讼享有任意调查的权力,且正在内部技术实力与外部权力协调上强化任意调查的效力与成果。检察公益调查核实权不应具有直接强制性,间接强制调查可分为手段型与后果型,后者除行政与刑事责任追究之外,还应当包括妨害民事诉讼的强制措施与社会征信的信用制裁。

The procuratorial organs have a heavy burden on the burden of proof,the standard of proof,and the object of proof in civil public interest litigation.The investigation methods and investigation guarantees in the existing legal norms have not given the procuratorial organs sufficient investigation advantages,which makes the power of investigation and verification lack the compulsory nature and insufficient to cope with the problem of"difficult investigation".From the perspective of source of power,there are differences among the investigation and verification power in civil public interest litigation,that in civil procuratorial supervision,and the court’s investigation and evidence collection power.Thus the procuratorial organs shall turn to the authority assistance of the judicial organs.From the view of performance pattern,the procuratorate has the power to conduct arbitrary investigations in civil public interest litigation,and is intensifying the effectiveness and results of arbitrary investigations in terms of internal technical strength and external power coordination.The power of investigation and verification is not directly compulsory,and the indirect compulsory investigation can be divided into means type and consequence type.In addition to administrative and criminal duty-charging,the consequence type of indirect compulsory investigation should include the compulsory measures for jeopardizing civil litigation and the credit sanctions for social credit.