进阶与融合:军民科技政策的变迁路径与未来走向

Advancement and Integration:Transition Paths and Future Trends of Dual-use Technology Policies

军民科技政策是保障军民科技高效创新的重要支撑,是应对与突破制约军民科技深度融合发展困局的基础工程。为适应经济建设与国防建设发展和国际战略格局的深刻变革,不同时期的军民科技政策具有差异化的政策议题与战略导向。为探析军民科技政策的时代特征与变迁轨迹,本文基于中央层面颁布的287份军民科技政策文件,梳理并绘制了不同阶段军民科技政策的关键词共词网络。据此,本文从政策内容、政策目标等方面厘清了军民科技政策的时代意义与内涵;从发展理念、组织体系、产业内容、人才培养与奖励制度五个视角凝练了军民科技政策的变迁路径;并进一步从价值、环境、效能、路径、需求五个维度回应了军民科技政策变迁的动力机制。在此基础上,本文面向促进国防实力和经济实力同步跃升的总体战略目标,从“统、融、靶、新、撑”五个层面提出了优化军民科技政策实施的对策建议。

Military-civilian dual use technology policies are necessary to ensure the efficient innovation of dual-use technology and the basic project to deal with and break through the development dilemma that restricts the deep integration of military and civilian technologies.Dual-use technology policies at different periods have different policy issues and strategic orientations to adapt to the national economy and defense construction and match the:profound changes in the international strategic landscape.In order to analyze the epochal characters and the transition trajectory of the dual-use technology policies,this article sorted out the co word networks of the dual-use technology policy keywords at different periods based on 287 policy documents issued by the central authority of China.Then,the epochal meaning of dual-use technology policies was clarified from the policy contents and policy objectives.From the perspectives of development concept,organizational system,industrial content,talent training and reward systen,the transition paths of dual-use technology policies have been illustrated.The dynamic mechanism of dual-use technology policy changes was further described from the dimensions of value,environment,efficiency,path,and demand.Finally,this article put forward suggestions for optimizing the implementation of dual use technology policies from the five levels of“unification,integration,target,innovation,and support”to achieve the overall strategic target of promoting the simultaneous improvement of national defense and economic strength.