应用型本科高校内涵式发展:价值、逻辑与路径

The Connotative Development of Applied Undergraduate Universities and Colleges: Value, Logic and Path

应用型本科高校内涵式发展既是顺应时代发展趋势和国家发展需要的举措,也是高校自身办学使命的应然选择。尽管加快应用型本科高校内涵式发展成为共识,相关理论研究、实践探索和配套政策不少。但人们对应用型本科高校与研究型大学、内涵式发展与外延式发展等问题还缺乏足够明确的认识,需要通过对应用型本科高校内涵式发展的价值意蕴、理论逻辑、实践路径等问题进行深入探讨,以进一步明确应用型本科高校内涵式发展"为什么""是什么""怎么办"。大学作为一种重要的学术组织,学术性是其本质属性和基本活动,不同类型高校的办学定位、培养目标的不同,主要是因为其学术形态与学术范式的差异,不同的学术范式实质上就是如何对待知识的问题,研究型高校侧重的是探究的学术,关注知识的探索与创新;应用型本科高校侧重的是应用的学术,关注知识的应用与价值。所以,应用型本科高校内涵式发展的理论逻辑就是要准确选择对待知识的方式,实现从关注"知识探索与创新"到关注"知识应用与价值",主要表现在服务区域经济社会发展的办学定位、产教融合的特色化发展方式、技能型高素质人才的培养、学生就业创业能力的提升等方面。应用型本科高校内涵式发展既是一个理论问题,更是一项实践工程,需要深刻认识上述理论问题,以应用型人才培养为引领,在时代趋势与国家现代化建设过程中凝练办学定位,在产教融合中搭建校企合作办学平台,在师资强化与课程建设中提升人才培养质量,在积极开展创新创业教育中培养学生的就业创业能力。推动应用型本科高校既顺应经济社会发展和高等教育分类改革的需要,又立足地方和产业,走与地方经济社会发展和产业技术进步融合发展之路,真正做到"顶天立地"。

Connotative development for application-oriented undergraduate universities and colleges serves both as the measure to conform to the times and the national development as well as the inevitable choice for the school-running mission of the the college itself.Despite of the consensus on the acceleration for the development of application-oriented undergraduate universities and colleges,and the fairly adequacy of the relevant theoretical research,practical exploration and supporting policies,there is not sufficient knowledge about application-oriented undergraduate colleges and research universities,connotative development and extensional development.Therefore,the value contained,the theoretical logic and the practical path for the connotative development of application-oriented undergraduate colleges should be explored deeper to expound WHY,WHAT and HOW for the development.As an important academic organization,a university or a college cherishes academy as the essential attribute and the fundamental practice.The different orientations and goals for different types of university or college result from the different academic forms and different academic paradigms,which focus on how to approach knowledge:research universities place emphasis on academic research,focusing on the exploration and innovation of the knowledge,while application-oriented colleges on the applied research,focusing on the application and value of the knowledge.Therefore the theoretical logic for the connotative development of application-oriented undergraduate colleges lies in the correct pattern to approach knowledge,shifting the focus from"the exploration and innovation of knowledge"to"the application and value of knowledge",namely,the college orientation for the social and economic development of the served region,the featured development mode integrated with industry and education,cultivation of the high-quality skilled talent,and elevation of the students’employability and entrepreneurial ability.The connotative development of the application-oriented undergraduate colleges is not only a theoretical research but a practical project.Based on the above theoretical knowledge,guided by the cultivation of applied talent,college orientation should be perfected in the process of national modernization to conform to the trend of the times,and the college-enterprise cooperation platform should be improved in the integration of production and education.And the college should also improve the quality of personnel training in the strengthening of teachers and curriculum construction,and cultivate the employability and entrepreneurial ability of students in the active development of innovation and entrepreneurship education.The promotion of application-oriented colleges,on the one hand,meets the demand of the social and economic development as well as the demand of reform for the higher education classification,and,on the other hand,based on the local area and industry,paves a way to integrate the local social and economic development with the industrial technology,thus to have a perfect combination of the national ideal and the local reality.