不同帮扶措施执行效果的差异分析——基于可持续生计分析框架

Analysis on the Difference of the Implementation Effect of Different Poverty Alleviation Measures——Based on the Framework of Sustainable Livelihood Approach

农户生计的脆弱性是造成贫困的最根本原因,而改善仍处于贫困水平农户的生计资本状况,进一步优化帮扶措施,则是避免已脱贫农户重新陷入贫困,实现"全面消除农村绝对贫困"目标的关键。本文基于陕西省3市12个乡镇24个行政村414份农户调查数据,运用数据包络分析和单侧截断Bootstrap方法深入剖析不同帮扶措施的执行效果。研究表明:各种帮扶措施之间实施效果差异较大,教育扶贫和产业扶贫是提高当地扶贫效率最有力的帮扶措施;对纯农户而言,产业扶贫、电商扶贫、旅游扶贫、教育扶贫与扶贫效率呈负相关关系,但在统计上不显著;对兼业户来说,产业扶贫和教育扶贫对扶贫效率具有明显的促进作用;金融扶贫在整体和局部样本数据中对扶贫效率的影响都呈现出显著的负相关关系。基于以上结论,政府有关部门应进一步加大农户的产业扶持力度,优化产业结构,建立产业扶贫的长效机制,同时继续注重教育扶贫对脱贫的促进作用,并加强陕南贫困地区的金融生态环境建设,改善信用环境,努力促使扶贫模式由"输血式"向"造血式"转变。

The vulnerability of farmers’livelihoods is the most fundamental cause of poverty.Improving the livelihood capital of farmers who are still in poverty level and optimizing poverty alleviation measures are the key to avoid the poverty-free farmers falling back into poverty and achieve the goal of"eliminating absolute poverty in rural areas in an all-round way".Based on 414 household survey data from 24 administrative villages in 12 townships in 3 cities of Shaanxi Province,this paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)and unilateral truncated Bootstrap to deeply analyze the implementation effect of different poverty alleviation measures.The research shows that the implementation effect of various poverty alleviation measures is quite different.Poverty alleviation through education and poverty alleviation through industry are the most effective measures to improve local poverty alleviation efficiency.For pure agricultural farmers,industrial poverty alleviation,e-commerce poverty alleviation,tourism poverty alleviation and education poverty alleviation are negatively correlated with poverty alleviation efficiency,but not statistically significant.Industrial poverty alleviation and educational poverty alleviation have obvious promoting effects on poverty alleviation efficiency of part-time households.Financial poverty alleviation shows a significant negative correlation in the overall and partial sample data.Based on the above conclusions,the relevant government departments should further strengthen industrial support of farmers,optimize industrial structure,establish a long-term mechanism of industrial poverty alleviation.At the same time,relevant departments should continue to pay more attention to education poverty alleviation’s role,strengthen the construction of financial ecological environment in poor areas of southern Shaanxi,improve credit environment,and strive to promote the transformation of poverty alleviation model from blood transfusion to hematopoietic.