2021年内蒙古自治区中小学生脊柱弯曲现况及影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of spinal curvature among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021

目的基于2021年内蒙古自治区中小学生脊柱弯曲调查结果分析,探索青少年脊柱弯曲异常情况及其影响因素,并针对相关因素采取预防干预措施,保障和促进儿童青少年健康生长。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,将全区共12个盟市按照城区与县区分层,而后在每个城区或县区随机选择7所学校(2所小学、2所初中、2所高中及1所职高)进行脊柱弯曲监测,各监测点问卷回收后使用SPSS软件进行数据处理、分析。结果2021年内蒙古自治区共检出脊柱弯曲异常4307人(2.14%),其中脊柱侧弯检出3962人(1.97%),前后弯曲异常共检出440人(0.22%)。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析显示,不同区县(OR=0.422,95%CI:0.395~0.452)、学段(OR=2.058,95%CI:1.882~2.251;OR=3.435,95%CI:3.137~3.761)、床垫软硬程度(OR=0.838,95%CI:0.758~0.926;OR=0.723,95%CI:0.630~0.830)及桌椅高度调整频率(OR=0.855,95%CI:0.770~0.949)等对内蒙古中小学生脊柱弯曲异常情况有影响,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2021年内蒙古自治区中小学生整体脊柱弯曲异常情况较2020年、2019年有所好转,床垫偏软及定期调整课桌椅高度为脊柱弯曲异常的保护因素。

Objective To investigate the abnormal spinal curvature of adolescents and its influencing factors based on 2021 survey on spinal curvature among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,and to provide basis for preventive intervention measures and promotionon healthy growth of children and adolescents.Methods A total of 12 cities were stratified according to city and county by stratified cluster random sampling method.Then 7 schools(2 primary schools,2 middle schools,2 high schools and 1 vocational high school)were randomly selected in each city or county for spinal curvature monitoring.After investigation questionnaires were collected from each monitoring site,SPSS software was used for data processing and analysis.Results In 2021,a total of 4307 patients(2.14%)were detected with abnormal curvature of the spine,including 3962 patients(1.97%)with scoliosis and 440 patients(0.22%)with abnormal curvature of the front and back.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that different districts(OR=0.422,95%CI:0.395-0.452),school(OR=2.058,95%CI:1.882-2.251;OR=3.435,95%CI:3.137-3.761),mattress hardness(OR=0.83895%CI:0.758-0.926;OR=0.723,95%CI:0.630-0.830),and the adjustment frequency of table and chair height(OR=0.855,95%CI:0.770-0.949)had significant effects on the abnormal spinal curvature among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The overall abnormal spinal curvature of primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia in 2021 was better than that in 2020 and 2019.Soft mattresses and regular adjustment of desks and chairs were protective factors for abnormal spinal curvature.