新型冠状病毒感染相关知识、态度和行为的结构方程模型分析

Structural equation model analysis of knowledge,attitude and practice about coronavirus disease 2019

目的通过建立结构方程模型,定量研究新冠病毒感染相关知识、态度和行为之间的相互作用关系,为今后开展相关行为干预提供对策和建议。方法采用多阶段随机抽样和方便抽样相结合的方法,在济南市章丘区、潍坊市昌乐县、菏泽市东明县对调查对象开展问卷调查,利用AMOS20.0构建结构方程模型对数据进行拟合,使用Bootstrap技术检验居民新冠病毒感染相关知识、态度和行为之间的间接效应和直接效应。结果回收调查问卷3003份,有效问卷2948份,有效率为98.168%。探索性因子分析获得3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为50.666%。构建的结构方程模型拟合良好,含3个潜变量和13个观察变量。新冠病毒感染相关知识对预防行为、相关态度对预防行为均具有显著性影响(P<0.001),新冠病毒感染相关知识和态度解释预防行为26.000%的变异度。新冠病毒感染相关知识对新冠病毒感染预防行为的总效应是0.422,直接效应是0.332,间接效应是0.090。结论除了新冠病毒感染相关知识和态度外,存在其他因素影响山东省居民是否采取新冠病毒感染预防行为,今后应采取更合理有效的健康教育方式,有针对性地开展行为干预。

Objective To provide countermeasures and suggestions for behavioral intervention in future,the relationship among knowledge,attitude and practice about coronavirus disease 2019 was quantified by establishing a structural equation model.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in Zhangqiu District of Jinan,Changle County of Weifang and Dongming County of Heze by multistage random sampling and convenient sampling.The data were fitted by constructing a structural equation model with AMOS 20.0.The indirect and direct effects among knowledge,attitude and practice about coronavirus disease 2019 were tested by Bootstrap.Results A total of 3003 questionnaires were collected,2948 questionnaires were valid,and the effective rate was 98.168%.Three common factors were obtained by exploratory factor analysis and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 50.666%.The constructed structural equation model,including 3 latent variables and 13 observed variables,fitted the data wel1.The related knowledge had a significant influence on preventive behavior and related attitude also significantly influenced preventive behavior(P<0.001).The related knowledge and attitude were found to explain 26.000%variance of behavior.The total effect of related knowledge on preventive behavior was 0.422,direct effect was 0.332,indirect effect was 0.090.Conclusion In addition to the related knowledge and attitude,there were other factors that affected residents of Shandong Province whether or not took preventive behavior.It suggested that more appropriate and effective health education methods should be adopted and targeted behavior intervention was also conducted.