高校学生营养健康知识水平及影响因素分析

Analysis on nutrition knowledge level and influencing factors among college students

目的了解高校学生营养健康知识水平,探讨影响其知识水平的主要因素,为在高校学生群体中精准化开展营养健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样在全国9所大学抽取2003名在校生进行问卷调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析营养知识水平的影响因素。结果共发放2003份问卷,问卷有效回收率为98.5%。高校学生营养健康知识得分中位数为70.0分,营养健康知识知晓率为32.7%。膳食推荐和食物特点维度的知晓率较低,分别为25.6%和26.7%。具体知识点中,多吃奶类、多吃大豆及制品的正确率仅为25.9%和27.3%;对蔬菜、馒头估重的正确率分别为23.3%和28.4%。单因素分析显示,不同性别、文化程度、专业、本人及父母慢性病情况的受访者得分不同,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:女性(OR=1.443,95%CI:1.155~1.803)、营养相关专业(OR=2.185,95%CI:1.761~2.709)、父母患有慢性病(OR=1.291,95%CI:1.044~1.598)、文化程度在本科及以上[本科(OR=1.986,95%CI:1.130~3.492)、硕士及以上(OR=4.516,95%CI:2.526~8.076)]的调查对象,与对应参照组相比营养健康知识水平更高。以不患慢性病为参照,对自身慢性病状况不了解(OR=0.488,95%CI:0.321~0.743)的调查对象营养健康知识水平更低。结论高校学生营养健康知识水平较低,有待提升。应重视高校营养健康教育工作,根据高校学生群体特点,精准化开展形式多样、内容适宜的营养宣教活动。

Objective To evaluate the nutrition knowledge(NK)level among college students and explore influencing factors,and to provides scientific basis for targeted nutrition education in college students.Methods A total of 2003 students were selected from 9 universities across China by convenience sampling.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of NK.Results A total of 2003 questionnaires were distributed,and the effective return rate was 98.5%.The median NK score among college students was 70.0,and the NK awareness rate was 32.7%.The dietary recommendation and nutrient content dimensions had low NK awareness rates of 25.6%and 26.7%.Among the knowledge points,the correct rates of eating more dairy and soybeans were only 25.9%and 27.3%.The correct rates of estimating the weight of vegetables and steamed buns were 23.3%and 28.4%,respectively.The univariate analysis revealed that the respondents with different scores by gender,education level,major,and their own and parents′chronic disease status had statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women(OR=1.443,95%CI:1.155-1.803),nutrition-related majors(OR=2.185,95%CI:1.761-2.709),parents with chronic diseases(OR=1.291,95%CI:1.044-1.598),and education level of bachelor and above[bachelor′s degree(OR=1.986,95%CI:1.130-3.492),master′s degree and above(OR=4.516,95%CI:2.526-8.076)]had higher NK level than the corresponding reference group.By using the absence of chronic diseases as the control group,the respondents who were unaware of their chronic disease status had lower NK level(OR=0.488,95%CI:0.321-0.743).Conclusion The NK level among college students is low and needs to be improved.We should pay attention to nutrition education in colleges.The form and content of nutrition education should be improved based on the characteristics of college student groups.