小学性健康教育课程对减少艾滋病歧视的效果评价

Evaluation of the effect of school-based sexuality education in reducing AIDS discrimination in primary school

目的评价小学性健康教育课程对减少艾滋病歧视态度的效果,为儿童青少年预防艾滋病教育工作提供依据。方法采用方便抽样,整群抽取北京市大兴区1所小学六年级学生95人为实验组,1所与实验组基本同质的小学六年级学生123人为对照组。2012年9月至2018年6月,实验组以校本课程的形式接受性健康教育,对照组接受普通小学教育。2017—2018学年春季学期末开展问卷调查,内容包括人口学信息、艾滋病知识和艾滋病歧视态度。结果在传染病预防、预防艾滋病病毒传播和艾滋病病毒感染表现3个知识性条目上,实验组知晓比例分别为61.45%、57.83%和75.90%,高于对照组的43.88%、37.76%和62.24%(P<0.05);在艾滋病歧视态度量表4个维度及量表总分上,实验组得分为(3.05±0.92)分、(3.58±0.83)分、(3.80±0.80)分、(4.08±0.86)分和(3.72±0.62)分,均高于对照组(2.31±0.74)分、(3.19±0.66)分、(3.23±0.68)分、(3.66±0.87)分和(3.12±0.53)分(分数越高代表歧视程度越低)(P<0.05)。结论小学性健康教育课程有助于增加学生艾滋病病毒及艾滋病相关知识,减少艾滋病歧视态度。

Objective Aiming to find the effect of school-based sexuality education in reducing AIDS discrimination in primary school and propose advice for AIDS education of primary school students.Methods The sample of research were 218 sixth-grade students from two primary schools in Daxing District of Beijing,China.One is the experimental group,the other is control group that is almost homogeneous with the experimental group.The experimental group received the school-based sexuality education from September 2012 to June 2018.The control group didn’t receive sexuality education.At the end of the spring semester of the 2017-2018 school year,the questionnaire survey was conducted among thesetwo schools.Thecontentofthe questionnaire included 3 parts,thataredemographic information,knowledge of AIDS/HIV and AIDS discrimination.Results The correct proportion of experimental group in the three items of’prevention of infectious diseases’’prevention of AIDS/HIV transmission’and’AIDS/HIV infection ways’on the knowledge of AIDS/HIV were61.45%,57.83%and 75.90%,which was higher than the control group’s 43.88%,37.76%and 62.24%(P<0.05).The experimental group scored in the four factorsand total score of the Chinese version Zelaya’s HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale were(3.05±0.92),(3.58±0.83),(3.80±0.80),(4.08±0.86)and(3.72±0.62)points,higher than the control group(2.31±0.74),(3.19±0.66),(3.23±0.68),(3.66±0.87)and(3.12±0.53)points(the higher the score,the lower the degree of discrimination)(P<0.05).Conclusion School-based sexuality education in primary school increased AIDS/HIV-related knowledge and reduced AIDS discrimination.