小麦生物育种:进展、机遇和挑战

Wheat Biotech-Breeding:Progresses,Opportunities and Challenges

小麦生产关乎国家的粮食安全。品种改良是保持和提高产量的关键。传统育种技术为保障小麦生产做出重要的贡献。小麦需求的不断增加,对育种提出了更高的要求。小麦生物育种技术的快速发展,为进一步提高育种效率提供了新的策略。本文总结了转基因、基因组编辑、基因克隆、分子标记辅助选择和全基因组选择等小麦生物育种技术的最新研究进展,以及生物育种与常规育种、快速育种相结合,在提高小麦育种效率方面的应用。

Wheat production is a guarantee of the national food security.Cultivar development is essential to maintain and improve yield.Conventional breeding techniques have made important contributions to ensure wheat production.The increasing demand for wheat has raised higher requirements for cultivar improvement.The rapid development of wheat biotech-breeding technology provides a new strategy for further improving breeding efficiency.This paper summarizes the recent progress of major biotech-breeding technologies,such as genetic modification,genomic editing,gene cloning,molecular marker-assisted selection and genomic selection.The application of the new breeding strategy combing the biotech-breeding,conventional breeding,and speed breeding techniques is also discussed.