大学毕业生就业质量的影响因素及路径分析

Research on Graduates’ Employment Quality:Influence Factors and Path Analysis

应用对陕西省77所不同类型和层次高校16112名大学毕业生的调查数据,运用回归分析和结构方程模型方法分析了大学毕业生就业质量及其与影响因素之间的关系。研究表明:一是大学毕业生在就业质量的不同维度的表现有所不同,大学毕业生对工作特征倾向于较满意,对职业匹配度倾向有点符合,对就业满意度接近较满意;二是个体、家庭背景、学校教育和社会环境因素对大学毕业生就业质量不同维度的影响存在差异;三是个体、学校教育、家庭背景和社会环境因素对大学毕业生就业质量不同维度的影响效应和影响路径存在差异,并发现大学毕业生对工作特征的满意度既是就业质量的一个重要测量维度,也是联系职业匹配度和其他影响因素与就业满意度的重要中介变量。在此基础上,提出以下建议:一是引导大学毕业生选择工作特征满意更高、更匹配的职业和单位;二是个体、家庭、学校、社会协同发力,提升大学毕业生的就业质量;三是社会和就业单位应积极改进与工作相关的特质,以吸引、留住大学毕业生,助力更加充分、更高质量就业的实现。

Using 16112 survey data of the graduates from 77 different levels of universities and colleges in Shanxi Province,The paper analyzed the graduates’employment quality and its influences by using regression analysis and structural equation model.The results showed:firstly,graduates has difference on most measure indexes of the employment quality,includes their satisfaction of job characteristics,career matching and overall job satisfaction and so on.Among them,graduates tend to be more satisfied with job characteristics,somewhat consistent with career matching,and nearly satisfied with job satisfaction.Secondly,there is different influences degree,which includes individual,school education,family background and social environment,have on the graduates’employment quality.Thirdly,there is different influences influence effect and influence path of the influencing factors,which includes individual,school education,family background and social environment,have on the graduates’employment quality.Moreover,we found that the graduates’satisfaction of job characteristics is not only an important measurement dimension of employment quality,but also an important mediator between job matching and other influencing factors and job satisfaction.We put forward three suggestions on promoting graduates’employment quality based on the research results mentioned above.Firstly,we should make up for shortcomings in the employment quality,to guide graduates to choose occupations and units with higher and more satisfying job characteristics.Secondly,the influencing factors of individuals,schools,families and society should work together to improve the employment quality.Thirdly,we should improve satisfaction of job characteristics of graduates,and realize their full and higher quality employment.