印度对非洲战略:“第三条道路”及其生成逻辑

India’s Africa Strategy:“The Third Way”and the Logic that Leads to Its Generation

随着印度宣布吸纳非洲联盟成为二十国集团成员国,印度对非洲战略再次引起外界高度关注。既有研究清晰表明印度对非洲战略有其独特之处,标榜所谓的“第三条道路”。客观来看,印度对非洲战略包括讲好印度故事、加强高层政治交往、构筑经济与安全伙伴关系、提供人道主义及发展援助、促进人文交流与构建多边互动网络等。印度对非洲战略“第三条道路”属性既是现实的选择,也是主动建构的结果,其特征包括伙伴化、善说、“小做”、博大、构陷、联合、排序等。印度对非洲战略“第三条道路”的生成逻辑包括人、国家、双边、地区、世界五个层次。随着印度综合实力持续增强,印非合作对中非合作的影响与冲击势所难免。辩证地看,人、国家、双边、地区与世界是理解和分析印度对非洲战略的方法,也启示中国可以在这些层面做出及时有效的反应。在人的层次,全面加强与非洲国家精英阶层及普通民众的交流与理解;在国家层次,根据战略目标和利益关切,调适完善与非洲合作模式;在双边层面,以非洲需求为导向,探索更持久性的与非洲合作路径;在地区层面,全方位加强与非盟等地区组织的合作伙伴关系;在世界层次,团结地区合作力量,消解合作阻力及其影响,维护中非合作大局。

With the announcement of India’s admission of the African Union as a member of the G20,India’s Africa strategy has once again attracted great attention internationally.Existing studies have clearly shown that India’s strategy for Africa is distinctive,boasting about its so called“the third way”.Objectively speaking,India’s Africa strategy includes telling India’s stories well,strengthening high-level political exchanges,building economic and security partnerships,providing humanitarian and development assistance,promoting people-to-people exchanges and building a multilateral interactive network.The attribute of“the third way”of India’s Africa strategy is not only a practical choice,but also a result of active construction.Its characteristics include partnering,being good at speaking say,“doing small things”,fighting big,framing,uniting,ranking and so on.The generation logic of India’s African strategy’s“the third way”includes five levels:people,national,bilateral,regional,and global.With the continuous enhancement of India’s comprehensive strength,the impact of India-Africa cooperation on China-Africa cooperation is inevitable.Dialectically speaking,people,countries,bilateral relations,regions,and the world are the perspectives for understanding and analyzing India’s strategy towards Africa,which also inspires China to make timely and effective responses at these levels.At the level of“people”,comprehensively strengthen exchanges and understanding with elites and ordinary people of African countries;At the national level,adjust the models of cooperation with Africa based on strategic goals and interests;At the bilateral level,guided by the needs of Africa,explore more sustainable cooperation paths with Africa;At the regional level,comprehensively strengthen partnerships with regional organizations such as the African Union;At the global level,unite regional cooperation forces,eliminate cooperation obstacles and their impacts to safeguard China-Africa cooperation.