刑附民公益诉讼案件惩罚性赔偿的民事适用及其刑事调和

The Civil Application and Criminal Reconciliation of Punitive Damages in Public Interest Litigation Cases of Criminal Attachment

在刑事附带民事公益诉讼案件中,通过梳理惩罚性赔偿制度的法律规范依据的发展过程,可以发现当前其适用过程中面临适用领域存在争议、计算基数标准不清、计算倍数的选择冲突以及能否折抵聚讼不休等一系列问题,亟待立法完善,并由检察机关在司法实践中妥善适用。惩罚性赔偿与罚金等刑事处罚虽似属同类,但是惩罚性赔偿的正当性根植于检察机关自身定位、公益诉讼功能作用、体现惩罚性与震慑作用等方面,亦不能与刑事罚金互相折抵。在具体适用与功能协调上,惩罚性赔偿需恪守谦抑性原则,并采取“赔偿基准确定+比例原则裁量”的模式,不应与刑事罚金相互抵扣。惩罚性赔偿具有公益性,系公共财产,原则上应参照财政资金加以运用管理,应当将其运用于诉讼相关的公共利益的修复与增进,并积极探索构建稳妥的惩罚性赔偿资金管理使用制度。

In the case of criminal incidental civil public interest litigation,by sorting out the development process of the legal basis of punitive compensation system,it can be found that it is currently facing a series of problems in the application process,such as disputes in the field of application,unclear calculation base standard,the choice of multiple of calculation conflict and whether to offset litigations,which need to be improved by legislation and properly applied by procuratorial organs in judicial practice.Although punitive damages and fines seem to belong to the same criminal punishment,the legitimacy of punitive damages is rooted in the self-positioning of procuratorial organs,the function of public interest litigation,the embodiment of punitive and deterrent effects,and can not be deducted from criminal fines.In terms of specific application and function coordination,punitive damages should abide by the principle of modesty and restraint,and adopt the mode of“compensation base determination+proportional principle discretion”,and should not be offset with criminal fines.Punitive damages are public property.In principle,they should be used and managed with reference to financial funds.They should be used to repair and improve public interests related to litigation.