孤独症者社会定向缺陷的研究方法、行为表现及影响因素

Research Methods, Behavioral Expression and Influencing Factors of Social Orientation Disorder in Individuals with Autism

社会定向是指个体在注意选择过程中对社会刺激优先觉察和注视的倾向。社会定向缺陷是孤独症谱系障碍者的核心缺陷。主要表现为3个方面:社会刺激注视时间比例更低;首次注视社会刺激潜伏期更长;首次注视社会刺激试次比例更小。目前,该缺陷的研究范式多样,如注视偏好范式采用眼动技术直接探讨社会定向缺陷的眼动特征,视觉探测、视觉搜索和中断连续闪光抑制范式采用手动按键方式分析孤独症社会定向缺陷行为特征。社会定向缺陷会受到测量范式、被试性别、社会刺激复杂程度和凝视与声音线索的影响。未来,应该进一步区分孤独症社会定向亚型,研发有效眼动检测算法,整合相关影响因素,并开发具体有效的干预策略。

Social orientation is a tendency that individuals prioritize perceiving and gazing at social stimuli in the process of attention selection.Social orientation disorder is the core defect for individuals with ASD,which was confirmed to be impaired mainly in the three aspects:The proportion of time gazing at social stimuli became less;Individuals with ASD had a longer latent period of time the first time gazing at social stimuli;The trial proportion for the first time gazing at social stimuli was lower.At present,research paradigms vary in ASD social orientation disorders.The Gaze Preference Paradigms use eye-tracking techniques to directly measure eye movement characteristics of social orientation defect for ASD.The Visual Probe Paradigms,Visual Search Paradigms,Breaking Continuous Flash Suppression Paradigms are mainly adopted indirectly analyzing behavioral characteristics of ASD social orientation defect by manually pressing the key.The defect of social orientation is influenced by the measure paradigms,subject gender,social stimuli complexity and the clue of gaze and voice.Future studies should differentiate the subtypes of social orientation in ASD,develop the algorithm of eye movement detecting,integrate relevant influencing factors,and develop specific and effective intervention strategies.