历史制度主义视角下小农户与现代农业有机衔接的制度逻辑与现实选择——基于潍坊“三个模式”的案例观察

Institutional Logic and Realistic Choice of the Organic Linking of Small-scale Farmers with Modern Agriculture from the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism——Case Observation Based on "Three Modes" in Weifang

利用历史制度主义分析范式,基于潍坊“三个模式”的案例观察,从结构逻辑和历史逻辑两个角度分析了中国小农户与现代农业关系变迁的制度逻辑。研究发现:中国宏观制度背景决定了以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制这一中层制度的选择,也决定了小农户的基础地位;利益、理念的冲突和调整及行动者个人偏好与制度相互作用混合形成的路径依赖、关键节点决定了小农户与现代农业关系的变迁方向;潍坊“三个模式”的演进脉络和实践证明实现小农户与现代农业有机衔接是我国宏观制度背景下农业农村制度逻辑演化的必然结果,也是今后很长一段时间内的现实选择。因此,应尊重农民的首创精神和实际需求,寻求各利益主体的理念趋同和利益均衡,把握关键节点和路径依赖规律以进一步发挥我国农村基本经营制度的制度潜力。

Using the historical institutionalism analysis paradigm and based on the case observation of"three modes"in Weifang,this paper analyzes the institutional evolution logic of the relationship between Chinese small-scale farmers and modern agriculture from the perspectives of structural logic and historical logic.It is found that China’s macro institutional background determines the choice of the meso-level institution of the double-layer management system based on household contract management and the combination of unification and decentralization,and also determines the basic status of small-scale farmers;Path dependence and critical junctures formed by the conflict and adjustment of interests and ideas,the interaction between individual preferences and institutions determine the change direction of the relationship between small-scale farmers and modern agriculture;The evolution context and practice of"three models"of Weifang have proved that realizing the organic connection between small-scale farmers and modern agriculture is not only the inevitable result of the logical evolution of agricultural and rural system under the background of China’s macro system,but also a realistic choice for a long time in the future.Therefore,we should respect the initiative and actual needs of farmers,seek the concept convergence and interest balance of various stakeholders,and grasp the critical junctures and path dependence law,so as to further give full play to the potential of the basic rural management system.