人力资本配置与经济创新发展——基于竞争性和垄断性两部门考察

Human Capital Allocation and the Economic Innovation-driven Development——Based on the Investigation of Competitive and Monopolistic Sectors

中国人力资本配置的测度及其对创新发展的影响,在理论和经验上都存在诸多未竟难题。从经济现实看,精确分析和评估人力资本配置不能忽视制度性部门间不稳定因素影响人力资本流动这一基本事实。鉴于此,本文在构建两部门人力资本配置静态理论框架时,纳入了部门间不稳定因素,并借助2004年中国经济普查数据,在测度地区层面人力资本错配程度的基础上,实证检验了人力资本错配对创新发展的影响。结果显示,第一,2004年中国东部地区和西部地区的人力资本错配程度均高于中部地区地人力资本错配程度;第二,在地区层面上,人力资本错配导致区域创新水平下降,这一结论在企业层面上同样显著。本研究可为精确评估人力资本错配提供新的思路和标准,也能为优化人力资本空间配置、培育经济持续增长的创新动力指明政策方向。

There are many theoretical and empirical problems in the measurement of human capital allocation and its impact on the development of innovation in China.From the perspective of economic reality,accurate analysis and evaluation of human capital allocation cannot ignore the basic fact that inter departmental instability factors affect the flow of human capital.In view of this,when constructing the static theoretical framework of human capital allocation in two departments,this paper takes into account the inter departmental instability factors,measures and empirically tests the impact of human capital misallocation on the development of innovation at the regional and enterprise levels with the help of China’s Economic Census data in 2004.The theoretical model shows that the degree of human capital misallocation in Eastern and Western China in 2004 is higher than that in Central China.The empirical results show that at the regional level,human capital misallocation leads to the decline of regional innovation level.Similarly,at the enterprise level,human capital misallocation also reduces the level of enterprise innovation.This study can provide new ideas and standards for the accurate evaluation of China’s human misallocation,and also point out the policy direction for optimizing the spatial allocation ot resources and cultivating the innovation power of sustainable economic growth.